Investigations on Container Ship Berthing from the Pilot’s Perspective: Accident Analysis, Ethnographic Study, and Online Survey

ABSTRACT: In recent years, container ships have had to transport more and more goods due to constantly growing demand. Therefore, the container ships for carrying these goods are growing in size, while the harbors fall short in adapting to these changes. As a result, the berthing of these container ships in harbors has become more challenging for harbor pilots. In this work, we identify problems and risks with which pilots are confronted during the berthing process. First, we analyzed approximately 1500 accident reports from six different transportation safety authorities and identified their major causes. Second, we conducted an ethnographic study with harbor pilots in Hamburg to observe their actions. Third, we gained more specific insights on pilots environments and communications through an online survey of 30 harbor pilots from different European countries. We conclude our work with recommendations on how to reduce problems and risks during berthing of container vessels.

KEYWORDS: Ship Berthing, Port of Hamburg, Container Ship, Port Operations, Pilot’s Perspective, Accident Analysis, Ethnographic Study, Online Survey

REFERENCES

Baker, C., and McCafferty, D. Accident database review of human element concerns: What do the results mean for classification? In Proc. Int Conf. Human Factors in Ship Design and Operation, RINA Feb (2005), Citeseer.

Chauvin, C., Lardjane, S., Morel, G., Clostermann, J.-P., and Langard, B. Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: Analysis of collisions at sea using the hfacs. Accident Analysis & Prevention 59 (2013), 26–37. - doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.006

Culliane, K., and Khanna, M. Economies of scale in large containerships: optimal size and geographical implications. Journal of Transport Geography 8, 3 (2000), 181 – 195. - doi:10.1016/S0966-6923(00)00010-7

De la Campa Portela, R. Maritime casualties analysis as a tool to improve research about human factors on maritime environment. Journal of Maritime Research 2, 2 (2005), 3–18.

Frittelli, J. Ship navigation in harbors: Safety issues. In CRS Report for Congress (2008).

Grech M. R., Horberry, T., and Smith, A. Human error in maritime operations: Analyses of accident reports using the leximancer tool. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting (2002), vol. 46, Publications, pp. 1718–1721. - doi:10.1177/154193120204601906

Hafenlotsenbrüderschaft.Hafenlotsenordnung.http://www. hamburg-pilot.de/Hafenlotsordnung_2013_Stand_ 07052013.pdf, 2013. Letzter Zugriff am 02. November 2017. §5 Absatz 1 Nummer 1 HmbGVBl (Hamburgisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt).

Koester, T. Human error in the maritime work domain. In Proceedings of 20th European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Manual Control (2001), pp. 149–158.

Rothblum, A. M. Human error and marine safety. In National Safety Council Congress and Expo, Orlando, FL (2000).

Stratmann, T. C., and Boll, S. Demon hunt - the role of endsley’s demons of situation awareness in maritime accidents. In Human-Centered and Error-Resilient Systems Development (Cham, 2016), C. Bogdan, J. Gulliksen, S. Sauer, P. Forbrig, M. Winckler, C. Johnson, P. Palanque, R. Bernhaupt, and F. Kis, Eds., Springer International Publishing, pp. 203– 212. - doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44902-9_13

Veit, S.-M. Die elbe ist ein enges revier. http://www.taz.de/!879062/, 2015. Letzter Zugriff am 11. Juni 2017.

Wagenaar, W. A., and Groeneweg, J. Accidents at sea: Multiple causes and impossible consequences. International Journal of Man- Machine Studies 27, 5 (1987), 587–5 - doi:10.1016/S0020-7373(87)80017-2

Citation note:

Gruenefeld U., Stratmann T.C., Brueck Y., Hahn A., Boll S., Heuten W.: Investigations on Container Ship Berthing from the Pilot’s Perspective: Accident Analysis, Ethnographic Study, and Online Survey. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 12, No. 3, doi:10.12716/1001.12.03.07, pp. 493-498, 2018

BibTeX EndNote

Authors in other databases:

Uwe Gruenefeld: Scopus icon