Distributed Situation Awareness in pilotage operations: Implications and Challenges

ABSTRACT: Pilotage is considered as the most critical leg of navigation and a complex operation in maritime domain. In this paper, we argue that Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) is an important construct in pilotage as the information required to carry out operations is distributed between agents and artefacts. We identify the central themes from the theory of DSA which are useful in describing modern day complex socio-technical systems. Further, based on the central themes, we propose guidelines for evaluating bridge teams involved in pilotage operations.

KEYWORDS: Safety at Sea, Automatic Identification System (AIS), Situation Awareness (SA), Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA), European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), Piloting Vessels, Captain-Pilot Interaction, Pilotage Operations

REFERENCES

Bolstad, C. A., Riley, J. M., Jones, D. G., & Endsley, M. R. (2002). Using Goal Directed Task Analysis with Army Brigade Officer Teams. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 46(3), 472-476. doi:10.1177/154193120204600354

Bruno, K., & Lützhöft, M. (2009). Shore-based pilotage: pilot or autopilot? Piloting as a control problem. Journal of Navigation, 62(03), 427-437.

Darbra, R. M., Crawford, J. F. E., Haley, C. W., & Morrison, R. J. (2007). Safety culture and hazard risk perception of Australian and New Zealand maritime pilots. Marine Policy, 31(6),736-745. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.marpol.2007.02.004

EMSA. (2015) Annual Overview of Marine Casualities and Incidents. Retrieved from www.emsa.europa.eu/ publications/technicalreports-studies-and-plans/.../23.html

Endsley, M. R. (1995a). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors,37(1),32-64. doi:10.1518/001872095779049543

Endsley, M. R. (2015). Situation awareness misconceptions and misunderstandings. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 9(1), 4-32.

Grech, M., & Horberry, T. (2002). Human error in maritime operations: situation awareness and accident reports. Paper presented at the 5th International Workshop on Human Error, Safety and Systems Development, Newcastle, Australia.

Grech, M., Horberry, T., & Koester, T. (2008). Human factors in the maritime domain. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press.

Grech, M. R., Horberry, T., & Smith, A. (2002). Human Error in Maritime Operations: Analyses of Accident Reports Using the Leximancer Tool. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting,46(19),1718-1721. doi:10.1177/154193120204601906

Jones, D. G., & Endsley, M. R. (1996). Sources of situation awareness errors in aviation. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 67(6), 507-512.

Kim, T.-e., & Nazir, S. (2016). Exploring marine accident causation: A case study. Occupational Safety and Hygiene IV, 369-373. Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press

Kluge, A., Nazir, S., & Manca, D. (2014). Advanced applications in process control and training needs of field and control room operators. IIE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2(3-4), 121-136.

Lappalainen, J., Kunnaala, V., & Tapaninen, U. (2014). Present pilotage practices in Finland. WMU journal of maritime affairs, 13(1), 7799.

Marshall, A., Bisbey, T., & Salas, E. (2015). Teamwork and Team performance measurement. In J. R. Wilson & S. Sharples (Eds.), Evaluation of human work (4th ed., pp. 773-789). Boca Raton, FL: CRC press.

Nazir, S., Carvalho, P. V. R., Øvergård, K. I., Gomes, J. O., Vidal, M. C. R., & Manca, D. (2015). Distributed Situation Awareness in Nuclear, Chemical, and Maritime Domains. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1993 1998.

NDRRMC. (2013). Sitrep 12 re Collision between MV Sulpicio Express 7 & MV St. Thomas Aquinas 1. Retrieved from http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/articl e/2475/SitRep_No_12_re_Collision_Incident _between_MV_Sulpicio_and_MV_St_Toma s_Aquinas_as_of_29AUG2013.pdf

Rosen, M. A., Salas, E., Wilson, K. A., King, H. B., Salisbury, M., Augenstein, J. S., . . . Birnbach, D. J. (2008). Measuring team performance in simulation-based training: adopting best practices for healthcare. Simulation in Healthcare, 3(1), 33-41.

Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., Baber, C., Jenkins, D. P., McMaster, R., & Young, M. S. (2008). What really is going on? Review of situation awareness models for individuals and teams. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 9(4), 297-323.

Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., & Jenkins, D. P. (2009). Distributed situation awareness Theory, Measurement and Application to Teamwork. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.

Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., Jenkins, D. P., & Rafferty, L. (2010). Is it really better to share? Distributed situation awareness and its implications for collaborative system design. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 11(1-2), 58-83.

Sandhåland, H., Oltedal, H. A., Hystad, S. W., & Eid, J. (2015). Distributed situation awareness in complex collaborative systems: A field study of bridge operations on platform supply vessels. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(2), 273-294. doi:10.1111/joop.12111

Schröder-Hinrichs, J.-U., Hollnagel, E., & Baldauf, M. (2012). From Titanic to Costa Concordia—a century of lessons not learned. WMU journal of maritime affairs, 11(2), 151-167. doi:10.1007/s13437-012-0032-3

Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Sierra, M. J., & Weise, C. W. (2013). How, when, and why you should measure team performance. In E. Salas, S. Tannenbaum, D. Cohen, & G. Latham (Eds.), Developing and enhancing teamwork in organizations (pp. 552-580). Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass.

Sorensen, L. J., & Stanton, N. A. (2016). Keeping it together: The role of transactional situation awareness in team performance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 53, 267-273.

Stanton, N. A., Salmon, P. M., Walker, G. H., & Jenkins, D. (2009). Genotype and phenotype schemata and their role in distributed situation awareness in collaborative systems. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 10(1), 43-68.

Stanton, N. A., Stewart, R., Harris, D., Houghton, R. J., Baber, C., McMaster, R., Young, M. S. (2006). Distributed situation awareness in dynamic systems: theoretical development and application of an ergonomics methodology. Ergonomics, 49(12-13), 12881311.

Van Erve, P., & Bonnor, N. (2006). Can the Shipping-Aviation Analogy be used as an Argument to decrease the need for Maritime Pilotage? Journal of Navigation, 59(02), 359-363.

Citation note:

Sharma A., Nazir S.: Distributed Situation Awareness in pilotage operations: Implications and Challenges. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 11, No. 2, doi:10.12716/1001.11.02.11, pp. 289-293, 2017

BibTeX EndNote

Authors in other databases:

Amit Sharma:

Salman Nazir: ORCID iD icon

orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-6147 Scopus icon