723
1 INTRODUCTION
Indonesia, as an archipelagic state with abundant
natural resources, needs sustainable development in
many aspects to strengthen its position in the
international community. Focusing on the maritime
sector,thereisalotofhiddenpotentialinIndonesian
watersandthesurroundingarea.Thus,recently,the
government has established Indonesia`s Gl
obal
MaritimeFulcrum(IGMF)asguidancefordeveloping
allaspectsofthemaritimesector.
The visions of IGMF are to rebuild Indonesian
maritime culture; maritime resource management;
maritime infrastructure and connectivity, including
maritime tourism; maritime diplomacy; and the
maritime defence force (Setkab, 2014). Furthermore,
thedesignated areasformaritime tourism, ma
ritime
resources, and the development of other maritime
industries are also stated in the National Medium‐
Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015‐2019. The
implementation of maritime tourism development is
under the command of the Ministry of Tourism
(MOT) in collaboration with another relevant
stakeholder.Formaritimetourism,theMOTaimsto
develop a ma
rina to fulfil the standards of berthing
andfacilitiesforforeignyachtsandcruiseswhilestill
maintaining the improvement of maritime nature
tourism, so that tourists can also snorkel, dive, and
enjoy traditional cultural attractions performed by
coastal communities (MOT, 2015). Currently, some
marinas are privately well‐established in Indonesia,
andtherearejustafeweffect
ivepassengerterminals
forwelcominginternationalcruises.Essentially,there
isaneedforaneffectivepassengerterminalnotonly
to welcome international cruises but also to serve
domestictransportationintermsofconnectivity.
The biggest issue of Indonesia’s economic
development is disparities between each regional
area.Allthi
stime,thedevelopmentishighlyfocused
onJawaIslandwhichliesthecapitalcityofIndonesia.
Another region, especially eastern region has an
abundant natural resources and potential selling
point if the concept of development is properly
plannedandimplied.Themostrelevantdevelopment
4M Study to Support Indonesia's Maritime Tourism
Development
A.B.Sulistiyono,W.Mutmainnah&M.Furusho
GraduateSchoolofMaritimeSciences,KobeUniversity,Kobe,Japan
ABSTRACT: Indonesia as an archipelagic state with given abundant natural resources need a sustainable
development in many aspects to strengthen its position in international community. Current Government
vision in archipelago thinking aims at the development of maritime sector including maritime tourism and
connectivitytogetbetterequalit
yregionaldevelopment.Eachregionhasitsspecialpotentialassetsandneeds
goodconceptofdevelopmentdesignbasedontheregionaldevelopmentagenda.Smart,Merchant,andFestive
arethe types of conceptual design developmentforpassenger terminal,whileboostermarina and enhancer
marinahasitsroletoma
kethedevelopmentofmaritimetouri smlocallyconnectedinternationallyrecognized.
http://www.transnav.eu
the International Journal
on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation
Volume 11
Number 4
December 2017
DOI:10.12716/1001.11.04.20
724
in Indonesia is maritime field as mentioned above,
thus the aim of this paper is to find an applicable
conceptual design model for marina and passenger
terminal development for maritime tourism in
Indonesia using Man‐Machine‐Media‐Management
(4M)factoranalysis,includingtheconsiderationofits
added value and priority
selection to get the best
result.
2 INDONESIAMARITIMETOURISM
2.1 GovernmentSupport
Based on RPJM 2015‐2019, the Indonesian
Government established tourism as a priority
development sector that needs to be supported by
another sector, mainly the infrastructure and
transportationsector,toacceleratetheachievementof
tourism targets in
2019 (Bappenas, 2014). With the
establishment of tourism as a priority development
sector,tourismundertheMOTreceivedanincreasein
budgetallocationandaneasingofregulations.Inthe
National Coordination Meeting (Rakornas) that was
heldinJakarta,theMinisteroftheMOTidentifiedten
priority destinations that need to
be accelerated in
terms of development and promotion. These
destinations are Danau Toba (lake), Tanjung
Kelayang (beach and island hopping), Tanjung
Lesung(beach),KepulauanSeribu(beachandisland
hopping), Borobudur (heritage temple), Bromo –
Tengger – Semeru (mountain hiking), Mandalika
(beach and island hopping), Labuan Bajo (beach,
sailing, diving, and
gateway to Komodo Island),
Wakatobi (beach, sailing, diving, snorkelling, and
island hopping), and Morotai (beach, diving,
snorkelling,and island hopping) (MOT, 2016). Eight
out of the ten priority destinations are for maritime
tourism, which indicates the government`s
seriousnessabouttheusageofmaritimetourismasa
tooltosupporteconomicgrowth.
Table1. List of Designated EEPs Referred to in the
Regulation
_______________________________________________
No. Entrance&ExitPortName Location(Province)
_______________________________________________
1. PortofSabangAceh
2. PortofBelawanNorthSumatra
3. PortofTelukBayurWestSumatra
4. NongsaPointMarinaRiauIslands
5. BandarBintanTelaniMarina RiauIslands
6. PortofTanjungPandanBangkaBelitung
7. SundaKelapaMarinaJakarta
8. PortofBenoaBali
9. Portof
TenauEastNusaTenggara
10. PortofKumaiCentralKalimantan
11. PortofTarakanNorthKalimantan
12. PortofNunukanEastKalimantan
13. PortofBitungNorthSulawesi
14. PortofAmbonMaluku
15. PortofSaumlakiWestMaluku
16. PortofTualSouthEastMaluku
17. PortofSorong
WestPapua
18. PortofBiakPapua
_______________________________________________
Interm ofeasingregulations, the MOTproposed
the simplification of the immigration and port
clearance regulation to boost the number of foreign
yachts entering Indonesian waters. The regulation is
set in Presidential Regulation of the Republic of
Indonesia, number 105, year 2015, on Foreign Yacht
VisitstoIndonesia.
Underthisregulation,inspections
of port formalities, customs, immigration, and
quarantineaswellascruisingpermitdocumentscan
be directly handled at 18 designated Entry and Exit
Ports(EEP)(Pres,2015).ThelistofEEPsisshownin
table1.ThenumberofEEPshasahighprobabilityof
increasing by
considering the development of yacht
visits, the readiness of facilities and the supporting
infrastructure for service provision, and the
developmentoftheregion.
Basedon thelist of EEPsshownabove, ten EEPs
are located in Indonesia’s Eastern Region (IER), but
onlyeightarelocatedinIndonesia’sWesternRegion
(IWR).
An interesting fact is that three well‐
established marinas are located in IWR. Thus, the
development of marinas in IER is potentially
beneficial.
2.2 RegionalDevelopmentAgenda
Themainfocusoftheregionaldevelopmentagendais
toovercomethedisparitiesineconomicgrowthacross
regions,especiallybetweenIWRandIER.Currently,
IWRcontributes80%ofthenationalGDP.Toimprove
equality,thegovernmenthassetaspecificagendato
boost the development of IER, which consists of
Papua, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and
Kalimantan, while maintaining economic growth
momentumin IWR,whichconsists of Jawa ‐Baliand
Sumatra.Thethemeof
developmentineachregionis
stated in the RPJMN 2015‐2019, and because of
budget limitations, the development of maritime
regions,especiallythatofcoastalareas,hasbecomea
priority. In the future, the government promises to
acceleratenationaleconomicdevelopmentspecifically
formaritimeresources(Bappenas,2014).
Table2.TheThemesofRegionalDevelopment
_______________________________________________
RegionThemeofDevelopment
_______________________________________________
PapuaAgriculturalproductindustry,livestock
industry,maritime‐basedindustrythrough
maritimetourism,energystoragesforIER.
MalukuMaritime‐basedindustrythroughfishery,
processingindustry.
NusaTenggara Maritime‐basedindustryastheecological
tourismgateway,fishery,livestockindustry,
commodity‐basedindustry.
Sulawesi Logistics‐basedindustryasIndonesiaand
IER`sgateway,agriculturalproduct
industry,commodity‐basedindustry,
maritime‐basedindustrythroughmaritime
tourismandfishery.
KalimantanForestry,energystorage,commodity‐
basedindustry,miningindustry.
Jawa‐Bali Agriculturalproductindustry,national
industrialandserviceindustry,gatewayto
world`sbesttourismdestination,maritime‐
basedindustrythroughmaritime
tourismand
shipyards.
SumatraIndonesia`sgatewaytointernational
trading,nationalenergystorage,
commodity‐basedindustry.
_______________________________________________
725
Figure1.RegionalMapofIndonesia
Basedonthethemeofdevelopmentineachregion
in table 2, it is clearly stated that five of the seven
regions and almost all of IER are designated to
develop maritime‐based industries, especially
tourism,fisheries,infrastructure,andshipyards.This
data is proof that the current government is taking
serious
effortstodevelopthemaritimesector,but,as
stated before, because of budget limitations, the
priority regions and the concept of development in
themaritimeindustrymustbesetappropriately.This
studyfocuses on identifying the type of marina and
passenger terminal that can be developed in each
region,with
specificconceptualdesignsformaritime
tourismandconnectivity, inordertoobtainthebest
resulttoimproveequityacrosstheregions.
2.3 MarinaDevelopment
Marinas are still a promising alternative for the
maritime tourism sector, since just a few marinas
have been established on Indonesia’s approximately
54,716 km coastline. There are
at least six well‐
established marinas, of which three are included on
the EEP list, and several new marina projects are in
the process of planning and construction. Since the
establishment of the RPJMN 2015‐2019, the IGMF,
and the MOT strategic plan to boost the maritime
tourism sector, marina
construction has become a
favourableprojectinseveralregions.TheMOTitself
hasatargettobuild100marinaswithatotalof5,000
yachtvisitsby2019.
The urgency of marina development is necessary
becausetheMOThasanannualinternationaleventto
attractforeignyachterstocometoIndonesian
waters
called Sail Indonesia. Hundreds of yachters
participate in this event, filling Indonesian waters
with yachts (Sail Indonesia, 2015). Unfortunately, if
thereisnoevent,therearefewyachtvisits.Ifmarinas
are established, foreign yachters will be able visit
Indonesia outside of the Sail Indonesia event. The
construction of
marinas requires a sustainable
development program so it can be one of the
importanttoolstoachievethetargetplan.
2.4 Rev italizationofPassengerTerminal
As Indonesia is an archipelagic state, connectivity
between islands is an important task to be
accomplished.Untilnow,theparadigmofcontinental
thinking has been applied
to Indonesia’s
development. Although there are several Port
Authorities(PA)inIndonesia,theportsforpassenger,
cargo, container, and tanker ships are not properly
developed. Thus, a paradigm shift is needed from
continentalthinkingtoarchipelagicthinking.(Rosyid
&Ekowanti,2016).Specialattentionmustbepaidtoa
passengerterminal,
becauseitwouldnotonlybeused
bydomestictransportationbutcanalsobeatoolfor
welcomingforeigncruises.Abreakthroughhasbeen
madebyIndonesiaPortCorporation(Pelindo)III,PA,
which manages the Jawa‐Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and
Kalimantanregions,bycreatingasub‐subsidiarythat
focuses on the
development of Pelindo III’s unused
assets surrounding the port area as a maritime
tourismattraction(Pelindo,2014).
The breakthrough was marked by the
revitalizationof the existingpassengerterminal port
ofTanjungPerak,locatedinSurabaya,EastJava,and
called Gapura Surya Nusantara (GSN). Before the
revitalization, the condition of
GSN matched the
common image of other passenger terminals in
Indonesia: dirty, hot, harmful, and uncomfortable.
The PA then rebranded and launched a port‐based
maritime tourism attraction called Surabaya North
Quay (SNQ). This event and the new face of GSN
createdanewimageofapassengerterminalportas
clean, safe, comfortable, and eco‐friendly. The SNQ
alsobecomeanattractivespotforbothdomesticand
foreign tourists, with events located inside the GSN
building.Thefirst floor and half of the second floor
areforpassengershipfacilities,andtheotherhalfof
thesecond floorismostly
forahandicraftbazaarand
servesasaplaceforperformancesandartexhibitions
if an SNQ event is held. The third floor consists of
indoorandoutdoor spacetowelcome foreigncruise
tourists. The purpose of SNQ events is not only to
optimizetheassetsofPelindoIIIbutalso
tofunction
asanewmaritimetourismattractioninSurabayaand
as an instrument to promote or teach maritime
education, provide a new alternative meeting point,
and provide a Meetings‐Incentives‐Conferences‐
Exhibitions(MICE)place.
3 MAN‐MACHINE‐MEDIA‐MANAGEMENT(4M)
FACTORANALYSISFORREGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Overview
4Mfactor
analysisisa multifacetedapproachthatis
widelyusedintheinvestigationofaccidents,withan
emphasisonhumanerror.DiscoveredbytheUnited
States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB),
many researchers have used 4M factor analysis and
have modified it into new analysis models. 4M4E
(Takeshietal., 2003), the
IM model (Furusho, 2002),
and the 4M overturned pyramid (MOP) model
(Mutmainnah & Furusho, 2014) are examples of the
development of 4M factor analysis. Most of the
developedmodelsarestillusedtoanalyseaccidents,
including studies that utilize the MOP model to
analysethecharacteristicsofaccidentsthathappened
infivemajorportsofJapan(Sulistiyonoetal.,2016a).
The MOP model, developed by Mutmainnah &
Furusho (2014), is a three‐dimensional model
configured as a three‐sided inverted pyramid. This
inverted pyramid is an unstable geometry and is
vulnerable to failure, representing maritime
transportation’s susceptibility to error. The four
726
cornersrepresentthe4Mfactors,withthemanfactor
always located at the bottom of the pyramid. The
modelhastwoanalyses,namely,corneranalysisand
linerelationanalysisthatcandescribeeachcornerof
the4Mfactorsandthecorner‐cornerrelationships.
The4Mfactors are not just Man
‐Machine‐Media‐
Management;theyhavebroadmeaningsandspecific
definitions.Theusageof4Mfactorscanbeexpanded
to analyse the improvement case. The authors have
already utilized the MOP model for the analysis of
maritimetourismimprovement.Theapplicationisin
choosing which EEP should be the priority for
improvement. The EEPs selected as high priority
ports to be improved as marinas are the Port of
Sabang,thePortofBenoa,thePortofTenau,thePort
of Sorong, and the Port of Biak (Sulistiyono et al.,
2016b).Asstatedinpoint2.2,becauseofthelimited
budget, the goal
of this analysis is to recommend
which EEP should be improved first. The reason to
choose EEPs as the base location for marina
improvement is because the EEPs already have the
advantagesofentryandexitportsforforeignyachts
andtheSailIndonesiaeventthatpassthroughthese
EEPs.
IftheEEPisimprovedtobecomeamarina,itis
expected to attract more yachters to Indonesian
waters. Three of the five high‐priority EEPs are
locatedinIER,and,thus,theresultofthisanalysisis
in accordance with the Indonesian government’s
visiontodevelopIER.
3.2 Definitionof
4MFactors
4Mfactoranalysis usesaspecific definitionfor each
factor.Thedefinitionofeach4Mfactorisdefinedin
theMOPmodel(Mutmainnah&Furusho,2014),but
somemodificationsmustbeappliedinordertoutilize
this modelintermsof improvements (Sulistiyono et
al., 2016b). In the
case of analysing the conceptual
design of maritime tourism development, the
definitionsandexamplesmustberedefinedtoobtain
thebestresult.
Table3.TheDefinitionandanExampleofEach4M
_______________________________________________
4MFactors Definition(Example)
_______________________________________________
ManAllelementsthataffectpeople’spreparedness
foranimprovement(knowledge,education,
skills,abilities,welfare,experience,senseof
belonging,alertness,etc.).
MachineAllelements,includingtechnology,thathelp
peopletocompletetheirtasks(information
andcommunicationtechnology,equipment,
design,infrastructure,construction,etc.).
Media Allenvironmentalfactorsthataffect
the
systemand/orpeople(geographicallocation,
climatic/weatherconditions,economic
conditions,socialpolitics,culture,etc.).
Management Allelementsthatcancontrolthesystem
and/orpeople(communicationamong
stakeholders/government,regulatory
activities,procedures,rules,maintenance,
etc.).
_______________________________________________
3.3 Implementationof4MFactorsinMaritimeTourism
Development
4M factor analysis is implemented in a problem‐
solving approach (fact‐problem‐solution) in order to
optimize maritime tourism development. Indonesia
has abundant natural resources and a strategic
geographical location supporting maritime tourism,
andtheseassetsareincludedintheMedia
factor.The
problem is mainly the development discrepancy
between IWR and IER, which spread to a lack of
connectivity caused by undeveloped infrastructure,
whichisincludedintheMachinefactor,toalackof
equalityinhumanresources,whichisincludedinthe
Man factor, and, lastly, to a lack
of support from
government or relevant stakeholders, which is
included in the Management factor. The solution is
obtained from the improvement of all of the 4M
factors in each region. Because IWR’s development
has been successful, the accomplishments of IWR in
all aspects of development can serve as benchmarks
forIER’s
development.
3.3.1 ManFactor
Within the Man factor, human resources are the
most important aspects that must be developed
because successful development depends on the
qualityofpeople`seducation,knowledge,skills,and
welfare. The Human Development Index (HMI) in
IERislowerthanthatinIWR,whichiscausedby
the
difficulty of accessing formal education. However,
education is the most important way to shape
attitudes for welcoming tourists and to establish a
creativeandattractiveeventsothattheregionwillbe
more comfortable and tourist friendly. As in the
research of Paker & Vural (2016), most tourists take
the
attitudes of staff or local communities as
important points in choosing a tourism destination
becauseserviceiscriticaltotourism.
Thedevelopmentofaneducationalcentre,science
andtechnologypark,ormuseumcanbeasolutionto
overcomethissituationand still improve the formal
education sector. Establishing a community
centre
alsocanhaveastrongimpactbecauselocalwisdomis
auniquesellingpoint andeachregion hasitspecial
localwisdomthatcanbeexplored.
3.3.2 MachineFactor
Thelackofconnectivitymustbeovercomefirstin
order to achieve equality across Indonesia’s regions.
In addition to developing infrastructure,
the
revitalization of existing infrastructure can be a
favourable way to change people`s perceptions. For
example,therevitalizationofthe passengerterminal
building in the GSN case successfully changed
people`sperceptionsofportimageandattractedboth
domesticandforeigntourists(Sulistiyono&Furusho,
2016). The most important aspect of
a maritime
tourism attraction is its accessibility. Most tourists
travel to tourism spots by air or road, so the
development of this infrastructure can provide the
greatest impact while still maintaining the
improvement of sea‐based transportation. The
development of one‐stop education‐entertainment‐
tourism leisure can be one of solutions
to boost the
development of maritime tourism. Access to
information and communication technology must
alsobeimproved.
727
3.3.3 MediaFactor
Abundant natural resources will not be a good
asset if people cannot maintain them well. Recent
tourism attractions are prioritizing the environment.
As the research of Nuzula et al. (2016) stated,
environmental factors are associated with the
sustainability of tourism convenience, especially for
coastaltourism.Theeconomic
andsocialsituationsof
Indonesian citizens vary and influence Indonesia’s
character.Theutilizationofsocial mediatopromote
andinfluenceislikelypossible.Thus,usingsocialor
online media to promote maritime tourism or
maritimeculturemaybevery effective.
3.3.4 ManagementFactor
For the Management factor, the presence of
government as a policy maker can have a direct
impact in the field. One example is a positive
response from foreign yachters regarding the
simplificationofenteringIndonesianwaters.Another
exampleistheconstructionofamarinainKoreathat
was initiated by the government; through specific
research, the government found
that citizens were
willing to pay some money in order to support the
project (Lee & Yoo, 2016). Acts to nurture
communitiesineachregioncanalsobeperformedby
relevant stakeholders in order to improve welfare,
tourismspots,andsustainability.
4 CONCEPTUALDESIGNDEVELOPMENT
4.1 ConceptualDesignSeeking
Marina
andyachtharboursarewelldevelopedinthe
Mediterranean basin, and they can also develop the
European economy. There are two kinds of marina
modelsintheEuropeanmarket.Thefirstisamarina
thatplaysaroleinthedevelopmentofaregion.The
second is a marina that is
simply a product of a
spectrumof tourist facilities (Kizielewics & Lukovic,
2013). In Korea, the reconstruction of old ports to
become marinas is seen as a favourable choice
becausetheshapesoftheexistingportsstillmeetan
engineering design standard that can provide the
advantages of saving coastline
resources and
developingtheyachtindustryratherthanleavingthe
portasis(Zaietal.,2013).Theroleofthemarinaas
an economic booster and to maximize spatial
utilization can be applied as an alternative choice
with careful study and implementation. Proper
location selection, a marina design that has
an
ergonomic function for people, and sustainable
maintenance could be references for marina
development(Achmadietal.,2016;Bilski,2015).
In the case of port development, however, the
discussionisfocusedonapassengerterminal.As in
the successful example of the Tanjung Perak Port,
withtheimprovementofthe
GSNpassengerterminal,
the idea of integrating a passenger terminal with a
tourist attraction has a big impact on attracting
foreignanddomestictourists.Thisconceptdesigncan
beappliedtoanotherpassengerterminalinIER.The
redevelopmentofportshasalsohadalargeimpactin
other major port cities
worldwide. For example,
Shimonoseki Port has transformed into one of the
important ports in Japan with the addition of the
Karato fish market, a famous fish market where
touristscandirectlytastefisheryproducts,Kaikyokan
aquarium,Kaikyo YumeTower,and other attractive
surroundingfacilities (Song & Chun, 2005). Another
example
is Kobe Port, still standing after the Great
Hanshin Earthquake, which never fails to satisfy its
tourists following the addition of a maritime
museum,KobePorttower,andshoppingfacilitiesin
the surrounding area to its MICE facilities. The
constructionofWest‐Breakwater in Jeju NewPortis
also an interesting
example because it functions not
onlyastheprotectoroftheportbutalsoasatourist
attraction with its breakwater design and zone
classificationthatmaketheportaleadingsightseeing
place(Kimetal.,2005)
4.2 Results
In accordance with the Regional Development
Agenda of RPJMN 2015‐2019,
the utilization of 4M
factor analysis, and the literature from successful
examples, three types of conceptual design
developmentforapassengerterminalandtwotypes
of conceptual design development for a marina are
obtained.Table4showstheresultsoftheconceptual
designdevelopment.
Three types of passenger terminal conceptual
design
development and two types of marina
development should be applied in each region of
Indonesia.The results will differ from one region to
another because of the potential product difference
and the government development agenda. Table 5
shows the resulting conceptual design development
byregion.
Table4.TheConceptualDesignDevelopmentResults
_______________________________________________
ConceptualDesignName Definition
_______________________________________________
1.PassengerTerminal
Smart(S)Integratedwithamaritime‐
ecologicalscienceand
technologyparkandmuseum.
Merchant(M)Integratedwithalocalfishery
marketandfoodcourt.
Festive(F)IntegratedwithMICEanda
maritimetourismfestival.
2.Marina
Booster(B)Marinathatactsasanarea
developmenttool.
Enhancer(E)Marinaastheproductof
maritimetourism.
_______________________________________________
Table5.TheConceptualDesignDevelopmentbyRegion
_______________________________________________
ConceptualDesignDevelopmentName
_______________________________
RegionPassengerTerminalMarina
_______________________________
S M FB E
_______________________________________________
Papua●●
Maluku●●
NusaTenggara●●
Sulawesi●●
Kalimantan●●
Jawa‐Bali●●
Sumatra●●
_______________________________________________
728
5 DISCUSSION
The conceptual design development for a passenger
terminal in Papua, Kalimantan, and Sumatra is a
smart passenger terminal because the natural and
humanresourcesoftheseregionsmustcopewiththe
government development agenda (refer to Table 2),
which requires strong human resources. Thus, the
development of a
smart passenger terminal is
expected to attract foreign and domestic tourists as
wellasthelocalsocietysothattheycanlearnabout
themaritimeknowledgeinadvance.Theconceptfor
a marina is a booster marina, because the
infrastructure surrounding the coastal area is
sufficientifthecoastalcommunity
canworktogether
toprovidethebestservicetoyachters.Then,yachters
will be satisfied and will recommend the marina to
other yachters, improving the reputation of the
marinaand,thus,improvingeconomicconditions.
In Maluku and Sulawesi, however, a merchant
passenger terminal and a booster marina are
recommended. Based on
the development agenda,
theseregionswillbedevelopedwithfisheryproducts,
so the merchant concept can be applied, creating
mutualconditionsforfishermenandtouri sts.InNusa
Tenggara and Jawa‐Bali region, a festive passenger
terminal is suitable for the current condition.
Supported by the establishment of GSN passenger
terminal
in Surabaya, as well as the gateway of
tourismintheseregionsasstatedinthedevelopment
agenda. The marinas that are established there will
act as tools to make the surrounding tourism area
moreinteresting.
6 CONCLUSIONS
Basedonthe4Mfactoranalysis,therearethreetypes
of conceptual design
development for passenger
terminalsandtwotypesofmarinadevelopment.The
conceptual design development will have the best
result if the local wisdom of each region is also
applied. IER is the priority for maritime tourism
development because of its abundant natural
resources and need for immediate action to boost
equality using strong connectivity. Thus, enacting
these improvements can make Indonesia`s maritime
tourism locally connected and internationally
recognized.
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