35
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Marineapprenticeship
Marine apprenticeship carried out on board the
trainingshipsoftheMaritimeUniversityinGdynia
is necessary and confirmed by years of experience
part of the educational process andmaritime
upbringingaswellasacquisitionofpracticalskills
forthestudents.
Expectationofmaritimelabor
marketisbeingan
officer of modern fleet, a graduate of the Maritime
University‐an officer of modern fleet‐navigator,
engineerorships electrician.Tobeperfectlytrained
specialist, she/heneeds, beside theoretical
knowledge and training on simulators, undergo a
comprehensive vocational practices on the training
vesselsʺDar Młodzież
yʺ,ʺHoryzont IIʺ and on
commercialvessels.
Practice on boardships is an important and
integralpartofmaritimeeducation,asrequiredby
regulations‐bothinternationalandnationalaswell
asbytheshipowners,increasing attentiontherefore
is paid to apprenticeship and it attracts more and
more people
willing to take part in vocational
practice.
1.2 Implementationoftheapprenticeshipprogram
The vocational practice carried out on boardʺDar
Młodzieżyʺ isbased on traditional values,
developed over the centuries in the realities of the
worldofsailing.
Apprenticeship is carried out on the basis of
specific
vocational practice programs, guidelines
taken from the Universitie’s departments and
schools, as well as based on the experience of the
crew.Animportantelementtobetakenintoaccount
intheimplementationarerequirementsforpractical
training of junior merchant ship officer determined
bySTCWConvention.
Possibilities for Providing of Professional Practices on
the Training Vessel Dar Młodzieży
K.Formela&K.Muszyńska
GdyniaMaritimeUniversity,Gdynia,Poland
ABSTRACT: The article presents possibility of performing trainings on board of the Gdynia Maritime
Academyʹs training ships. It has been described main rules of curriculum of practices, also included
requirementsofthetimelineofthepracticewhichweredefinedinproperlawactsaswell
asapplyingofthose
requirementsinaccomplishmentofpracticesonboardoftheships.Paperpresentsstatisticsofthenumbersof
studentstrainedonboardofʺDarMlodziezyʺfromtheGdyniaMaritimeUniversityandfromotherMaritime
Universitiesandschools.Basedonthepresentedstatisticsdataithasbeenanalyzed
possibilityoftheextension
time ofthe trainings.Such analysisassay resultsfrom curriculum of theMaritime Academy inGdynia and
othersmaritimeschools.
http://www.transnav.eu
the International Journal
on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation
Volume 10
Number 1
March 2016
DOI:10.12716/1001.10.01.03
36
Requirements of the Convention are met by
implementation appropriate, aforementioned
programs of vocational practice and practice books
respectively for the deck department andengine
department.
Tough rules ofsea service on a classic sailing
ship,forminternswiththequalitiesneededinalater
serviceonbridgesofmodernmerchant
ships.
Apprenticeship on a training ship is usually the
firstcontactwiththesea,whichallows toverifythe
ideaofworkingatseawithitsreality.
VocationalpracticeontheʺDarMłodzieżyʺallows
the interns to explore the principles ofʺgood
seamanshipʺ,to develop their sailorʹ
s awareness, as
wellasphysicalandmentalresilience.
As mentioned, it is extremely important to
implanttheprinciplesoftheformationandbehavior
ofafuturesailoronthebasisoftheso‐calledʺgood
seamanshipʺ, which Professor Władysław Rymarz
describedas:ʺanordinarywayofbehaving,
reacting
and proceeding under certain conditions and
circumstancesofanexperienced,efficientandcareful
seaman”.Itisawayofbehaviourestablishedbythe
constantapplication,commonlyknowntoseamen,it
isreasonable,effectiveandprovenintheprevention
ofaccidentsatsea.Principlesofseamanshipformed
onthebasis
oftheexperienceofmanygenerationsof
sailors have become customs sanctioned by
jurisprudenceof law chambers and sea courts.
Manyofthemeventuallytransformintolawsofasea
routeʺ.(Rymarz,1985).
ʺGoodseamanshipʺarethe customsand worked
out recommendations that have been modified and
have been
adapted to the current needs and
requirements. Over the years, these practices have
been formalized and have been gradually
implemented to ship regulations or recognized in
legislation.
This has been reflected in the International
Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships
and for Pollution Prevention‐ISM CODE, which
development and
implementation consisted, among
otherthings,ofadoptionofthecodeofbehaviorand
operations sailors developed over the years within
the framework of the so‐called good seamanship.
This is reflected in the form of appropriate
procedures recorded in a system of safe ship
managementadaptedforparticularvessel.
Thereforeʺ
thetrainingmustalsofacethecodefor
safe management of the ship, which should ensure
thatacrew,whichistocovercertainfunctionson
that ship, must pass adequate training related to
safety and environmental protectionʺ (Chauvel,
1997).
Apprenticeship on a sailing ship also teaches
teamworkandresponsibility.
Studentsacquirethese
skillsthroughjointhoistingthesails,oftenindifficult
hydrometeorologicalconditions,workingatheights/
on masts, when the safety of each trainee often
depends on companionate teamwork. Forming
[education of] responsibility is also an element of
practice acquired during the joint exercise of
outboard[overboard]works,
whenastudentsecures
a work of mate overboard from the deck. Distinct
changes can be observed barely after a month of
practice in behavior of apprentices, who in such a
short time are beginning to be aware of their
responsibility for the safety of not only themselves,
butalsofor
othercrewmembers.
ʺAnimportantpartoftheapprenticeshiptraining
isacquisitiontheprinciplesofbeha viorofthefuture
officer in accordance with applicable ceremonial
[etiquette] in merchant marine. This ceremonial is
very specific and includes many elements from the
Navy.ʺ(KoczorowskiE,1996)
On theʺDar Młodzieży
ʺ are implemented
vocationalpracticesatdifferentlevels:thevocational
practice of a sailor (basic), during which atrainee
learnsmaritimecustoms,getfamiliarwiththeship,
with the sea, learns teamwork, conducts sailorʹs
maintenance works, learns to serve on lookout, to
steeraship,learnsthebasicelementsof
navigation.
Next and more advanced vocational practice is
intended for students of the Faculty of Navigation,
thereisthecollisionoftheorywithpracticeafterthe
second year of theoretical education. Students on
modernlyequippedbridgelearntoworkwithmaps,
navigation,tooperatemodernnavigation equipment
, to study weather
forecasts, get familiar with
elementsofshipconstruction,tooperateanduseing
ofdevices. Operating sailshipcontinues trainingin
principles of teamwork,leadership, responsibility
for colleagues who are members ofa team often
performingdangerouswork.
Whileservingvocationalpractices,asspecifiedin
Maritime Education and Training, students of
Faculty of Navigation undergo: e.g.training ona
bridge, on a deck, instructional training , training
during maneuvers in and out of a harbour (De
Simone1997;Koczorowski,1996).
Advanced apprenticeship for students of the
Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
involves assisting engineer officerduring the watch
inanengine
room,readingandapplyingtechnical
documentation,diagramsandinstructions,aswellas
assistingacrewinsmallrepairsandmaintenanceof
electricalequipmentandinanengineroom.
1.3 Apprenticeshipduration
Toobtainadegreeofthewatchofficer,anengineer
officeroraneelectrotechnicalofficer,inaccordance
with
the Regulation of the Minister of Transport,
Construction and Maritime Economy dated 7th
August 2013 (Journal of Laws, item 937) on the
training and qualifications crew’s members of
seagoingvessels,studentsmustcomplete12months
of vocational practice. The part of it, in accordance
with the curriculum of study and field
of study, is
carried out on the Maritime University training
ships,and the remaining part is completed with
apprenticeshipwithshipownersofmerchantships.
Studentsof theNavigationFaculty hold 7or10‐
day candidate vocational practice, then after
completing the first year of study, they hold a
monthly sailor’s
practice, the next advanced two‐
month apprenticeship takes place after completing
twoyearsofstudies,andthenduringthethirdyear
37
of study a two‐weeks practice of maneuvering &
radarusingisheldontheshipʺHoryzontII.ʺ
StudentsofElectricalEngineeringFacultyandof
Maritime Engineering Faculty, after completing the
secondyearofstudyarebeingtrained:foronemonth
by electricians,for two months by engineers on the
decksofʺDarMłodzieżyʺorʺHoryzontII.ʺ
The deck ofʺDar Młodzieżyʺ holds also the
possibilityofanapprenticeshipforstudents ofother
universities,aswellasstudentsofmaritimeschools.
ʺDarMłodzieżyʺhasbeenimplementingprogramof
vocationalpracticesforseveralyearsfor:
studentsofMaritimeUniversity ofGdynia;
studentsofMaritimeUniversity ofSzczecin;
studentsofMaritimeUniversity ofAntwerp;
secondary maritime schools’pupils of Gdańsk,
ŚwinoujscieandSzczecin.
Iftimeallows,thentrainingcruisesareinvolving
sailors and other people doing their individual
practices.
Vocationalpracticeon
atrainingsailingvesselis
unique,sinceitiscarriedoutunderstrictsupervision
of instructors, based on detailed apprenticeship
programs.
The training ship is adapted for such vocational
practices by providing adequate equipment and
devices,andalsohasstaffexperiencedinsupervising
apprentices[interns].Thismakesthepracticeat
“Dar
Młodzieży”very specialanditcannot becompared
with practice held on a merchant ship. This is why
thedemandfortrainingshipspracticesincreases,as
shown in the following tables and based on which
graphsweredrawn.
Thedemandforsuchvocationalpra cticesmaybe
evidenced by
their implementations, taking into
account elements ofʺgood seamanshipʺ, probably
due to the extensive experience of the Maritime
Universityinthisregard.AsKarolOlgierdBorchardt
wrote:ʺUniversitieswithrichtraditionsbreath with
them.Teachersandalumniesareinvoluntarilytrying
to adjust to paradigms proven through years of
practiceʺ
(Borchardt, 2010), which imprints a long‐
lastingimpressiononbehaviorofafutureofficer.
2 DIVISIONOFVOCATIONALPRACTICES
BASEDONTHENUMBEROFTRAINED
APPRENTICES
2.1 Trainedapprentices
Thefollowingtablecontainsthenumberofstudents
of the Maritime University in Gdynia and trainees
from outside the university trained on
theʺDar
Młodzieżyʺin2008‐2015,withaforecastfor2015.
While analyzing Table 1 it can be noticed that
overtheeightresearchedyearsandwhiletakinginto
account the forecasts for year 2015, the number of
apprentices as compared to the base year 2008, has
gradually
increasedfrom89traineesin2009, to 551
trainedin2013.Presenteddatashowthatthenumber
of apprentices has doubled in 2013 as compared to
2008.
Table1.NumberoftraineesfromtheMaritimeUniversity
and from outside the university trained on the shipʺDar
Młodzieżyʺ in 2008‐2014, with a forecast for 2015. (Own
study)
_______________________________________________
Years Students OtherAtotalofapprentices
ofGMU Students trainedontheship
_______________________________________________
2008 272 232504
2009 253 340593
2010 300 331631
2011 371 390761
2012 421 364785
2013 487 5681055
2014 309 445754
2015 381 524905
_______________________________________________
Figure 1 shows a graph to illustrate data
presentedinTable1.
Figure1. The number of apprentices from the Maritime
Universityandfromoutside theuniversitytrainedonthe
shipʺDarMłodzieżyʺin2008‐2014withaforecastfor2015,
inaformofagraph(Ownstudy).
Forecasts for year 2015, under the signed
agreementsandplansofindividualFaculties,assume
thetrainingofmorethan900apprentices.
Theaveragepercentageofgrowthofthenumber
ofapprenticesis5.14%perannumforthetimeframe
form2008to2015.TheYear2013wastherecordone,
whenthere
wastrained1,055apprenticesontheʺDar
Młodzieżyʺ , the number representing 52.22%
increaseascomparedtoyear2008.
Table2showsthenumberofstudentsofGdynia
MaritimeUniversity,whoheldvocationalpracticeon
theshipʺDarMłodzieżyʺ,togetherwithaforecastfor
2015
year,dividedintoindividualFaculties.
Figure2showsthedatafromTable2intermsof
graphicdesign.
Figure 2. Number of students of Gdynia Maritime
University trained on the shipʺDar Młodzieżyʺ in years
2008‐2014 with a forecast for 2015 in a form of a graph.
(Ownstudy).
38
Table2.ThenumberofstudentsofGdyniaMaritimeUniversity,whoheldvocationalpracticeontheshipʺDarʺ,together
withaforecastfor2015,dividedintoindividualFaculties.(Ownstudy).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Years FacultyofNavigation FacultyofMarine FacultyofMarine FacultyofEntrepreneurship Sum
EngineeringElectricalEngineering andQualityScience
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
200817972192272
200918645193253
20102048916300
20113511154371
201234560133421
201337610704487
20142139402309
201526011902381
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fromdatapresentedinthetableandthegraphit
follows that the number of students engaged in
practicesduring the researched period increasedon
averageby16studentsperyear,namely,anincrease
ofnearly6%. Inaperiodofsevenyears,itgivesan
increase of 112 students. The
largest growth of
Gdynia Maritime Universitie’s studentsin the
numberoftrainedontheʺDarMłodzieżyʺtookplace
in year 2013, when about 215 students more were
trainedthanin2008,whichgivesincreaseof44%.
Growth trends can be observed in specific
Faculties, which is associated with
the growing
numberofstudentsinindividualyears,aswellasthe
requirements of the maritime administration to
prolongtherequired timeofinternshipsforstudents
of the Faculty of Engineering and the Faculty of
ElectricalEngineering.
Students of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering
aredirected to the curriculuminternships on
board
ofʺHoryzontII.ʺNotmanytraineesfromthisFaculty
undergo vocational practice on the shipʺDar
Młodzieżyʺ,whichisillustratedbyTable2.
At the Faculty of Navigation we observe a
constant increase in the number of students
undergoingpracticeontheʺDarMłodzieżyʺ
inthe
timeframe from2008to 2013 year. The reductionin
the number of students presented in Table 2 is
misleadingbecauseduetothelackofplacesonʺDar
Młodzieżyʺstudentsunderwenttheirinternshipson
boardofʺHoryzontII.ʺ
Thefiguresabovedonotgiveacompletepicture
because they do not present the days that students
spend on practices on the shipʺDar Młodzieżyʺ –
theyonlypresentthenumberoftrainedpersons.
Thisisdueprimarilytotheperiodthatindividual
Facultieshaveplannedforstudentstopractice.Asit
was previously mentioned, basic
practices are held
withinmonthlyorbimonthlyperiods,sointhecase
ofbimonthly practices thenumber of studentsdoes
not increase, but instead there increases their
residence time on the practice, namely, there is an
increaseinthenumberofman‐dayswhichisdirectly
linkedtooperatingcostswhich
shallbebornebythe
ShipownerFacultyforthevesselmaintenance.Inthe
caseofbimonthlyinternshipsthenumberofstudents
remainsatthesamelevel,whereasthecostsofsuch
internships increase twice, in proportion to the
practiceduration.
2.2 Divisionofinternshipduetoanumberofman‐
days
oftrainedapprentices
There are presented below, vocational practices on
theshipʺDarMłodzieżyʺaccordingtothenumberof
man‐daysoftrainees.
Similarly, they applied the same division as
above, namely, the number of man‐days of all the
apprenticesandstudentsoftheMaritimeUniversity
and
thenumberofman‐daystrainedasperfaculty.
Table3. Number of man‐days of trainees from the
MaritimeUniversityinGdyniaandoutsidetheuniversity,
trained on the shipʺDar Młodzieżyʺ in years 2008‐2014,
withtheforecastfor2015.(Ownstudy).
_______________________________________________
Years numberofnumberoftotal
man‐daysof man‐daysof numberof
GMUapprentices apprenticesfrom an‐days
outsidetheGMU trainedon
theship
_______________________________________________
2008 9922686016782
2009 10718978420502
2010 11516937720893
2011 96461117320819
2012 123281067223000
2013 139771286426841
2014 133761060723983
2015 16
0721328229354
_______________________________________________
Figure3showsthedatacontainedinTable3
Figure3. The number of man‐days of trainees from the
MaritimeUniversityinGdyniaandoutsidetheuniversity
trained on the shipʺDar Młodzieżyʺ in years 2008‐2014,
withaforecastfor2015.(Ownstudy).
Thepresentedcompilationofthenumberofman‐
daysofpeopletrainedontheshipalsoindicatesan
upward trend and confirms the previous analysis
concerning the increasing number of apprentices
trainedontheshipʺDarMłodzieży.ʺ
39
Table4.Thenumberofman‐daysofGMUstudentstrainedontheshipʺDarMłodzieżyʺinyears2008‐2014,withaforecast
for2015.(Ownstudy).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Years FacultyofNavigation FacultyofMarine FacultyofMarine FacultyofEntrepreneurship Sum
EngineeringElectricalEngineering andQualityScience
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2008 814717255009922
2009 89281144646010718
2010 8948254820011516
2011 908836318789646
2012 979420164348412328
2013 11319260005813977
2014 720655465329213376
2015 8970702108116072
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Inthecomparisonofthenumberofman‐daysof
studentsofGdyniaMaritimeUniversityandtrainees
from outside the university we notice a significant
increase,whichtranslatesintoatotalnumberofman‐
daysofapprenticestrainedontheʺDarMłodzieży.ʺ
The total number of man‐days of
the trainees
increasesonaverageannuallyby7%,from16782to
reach, inaccordance with the forecasts, the number
of 29354 in 2015. The largest growth is planned for
2015, which, as compared to 2008, will amount to
43%, namely approximately 12572 man‐days. These
results confirm that the demand
for vocational
internshipsgrowsfromyeartoyear.
ThistrendisalsoshowninasummaryinTable4
presentingthenumberofman‐daysoftheMaritime
Universitystudents,brokendownbyFaculties.
Figure 4. The number of man‐days of GMU students
trained on the shipʺDar Młodzieżyʺ in years 2008‐2014,
withaforecastfor2015.(Ownstudy).
Interms ofdivisioninto individualFacultiesthe
number of man‐days of trained students is shaped
variously.
The number of man‐days, at the Navigation
Faculty,overtheresearchedyearsissimilar.
Ontheotherhand,thenumberofman‐daysatthe
FacultyofEngineeringisdifferent,wherein
2008the
numberofman‐dayswasin1725,toreachaccording
toforecaststhelevelof7021man‐days in 2015. The
difference across that timeframeamounts to as
many as 5296 man‐days. It is an over fourfold
increaseinthenumberofman‐daysascomparedto
thebaseyear.
The share of the number of man‐days of the
Faculty of Electrical Engineering is small in a
summarycomparison,aswellasvaria bleduetothe
fact that most students of the Faculty of Electrical
Engineering undergo their curriculum vocational
practiceontheshipʺHoryzontII.ʺ
Trainees
oftheFacultiesofEntrepreneurshipand
Quality Science undergo vocational practices
occasionally, they are single students who assisted
theHotel Departmentwhileon board ofthe sailing
ship.
3 CONCLUSIONS
Whileanalyzingthepresentedstatisticsitcanbeseen
that the number of people trained on theʺDar
Młodzież
yʺ increased. This demonstrates the ever
growing demand for the implementation of such
internships. The increase results from the need to
satisfy the legal requirements for applicants for an
officer diploma, but primarily it is caused by such
internships efficiency and quality, which allows a
shorttimetoshapedesirabletraits
inpeopletrained.
The increase in the number of trained students of
Gdynia Maritime University isdueto the extension
of the practice by the Faculty of Engineering (the
requirements of theʺRegulation of the Minister of
Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy
dated7 August 2013,on training and qualifications
ofmembersofthecrewsofseagoingvesselsʹ),aswell
as due to the increase in the number of students
admittedbythefaculties.
In recent years there has been still increasing
interestintrainingattheʺDarMłodzieżyʺamongnot
only Polish maritime schools, but also foreign
universities.Since2007therehavebeensuccessfully
implemented internshipsfor the maritime school of
Antwerp. In the next year, theʺDar Młodzieżyʺ is
scheduledtoprovidetrainingforacrewofoneofthe
Africancountries.
ProvidinganinternshipattheʺDarMłodzieżyʺto
all interested
parties becomes increasingly difficult
despite the extension of the training season, which
currentlyrunsfromFebruarytoOctober.
To meet this challenge, one should consider the
possibilityofemployingtheshipinwinter.
The internships in the Baltic Sea in winter are
associated with inclement weather, wind and frost,
whichdoes
notallowasawholeusingofadvantages
of voca tional practice on a sailing ship. It is nearly
impossible to swim under sails, or to carry out the
sailorsʹworkonadeck.
40
To ensure the proper vocational practice of
students,oneshouldconsiderthedeployashipinto
warmer areas, which in turn is associated with
generating additional costs and limiting the
opportunities for carrying out equipment
maintenance,repairsandauditstorenewcertificates.
Foroperationalreasonsitisnecessarytoprovide
the
monthly stay at the home port, which with the
current practice intensification shall extend the
internshipperiodbytwomonths.
Extendingthe season onlywith suchperiod will
allow to train about 260 students more, which in
termsofman‐dayswillresultinanincreaseby7800
units.
Insummary,thereisapossibilityofextendingthe
sailing season to ensure proper internships, and
simultaneously of increasing the number of
apprentices trained on the shipʺDar Młodzieży,ʺ
whiletakingintoaccounttheabovefactors.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Borchardt K.O., Kolebka nawigatorów, Wydawnictwo
„Bernardinum”2010.
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS),1974.
Managing Safety and Quality in Shipping, The Nautical
Institute1997.
Maritime Education and Training, The Nautical Institute
1997.
KoczorowskiE.,KoziarskiJ.,PlutaR.,Ceremoniałmorskii
etykieta jachtowa, Oficyna Wydawnicza Alma‐Press,
Warszawa1996.
Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu, Budownictwa i
Gospodarki Morskiej z dnia 7 sierpnia 2013 r. w
sprawie wyszkolenia i kwalifikacji członków załóg
statkówmorskich.
Regulamin i przepisy BHP statku szkoleniowego „Dar
Młodzieży”.
RymarzW.,1985,Międzynarodoweprawodrogimorskiej,
WydawnictwoMorskieGdańsk.
