267
1 INTRODUCTION
Withtheentryoftheworldeconomytotheturbulent
phase[1,2],thespecificrolehaveacquiredquestions
ofimprovedsustainabilityandthecompetitivenessof
the Russian economy, ensuring economic and food
security, the countryʹs attractiveness for investment,
for residence and intellectual creation. New realities
require the organizat
ion of the modern system of
generalandcontinuingeducationthatisinadynamic
researchandinnovationenvironment,integratedinto
the world educational space, but kept the best
traditions of education and experience of domestic
education.
AccordingtoAcademicianEngelhardt,ʺThelifeis
a unity of three processes: substance, energy and
informat
ion.ʺAnynewinformationistheproductof
intellectual work of human activity, reflects the
ideology or environmental phenomena. Labor,
human activity associated with energy supply and
nutrition. Thus the fundamental problems of
humanitycouldbe dividedintoenergy,food,world
outlookandassociatedwiththehabitat.Development
ofRussiainthe pa
radigmofsolvingtheseproblems
couldbeprovidedwithaway:
consecutive transition to the production of the
scienceintensiveproduction,withminimizationof
impact on environment and expenses of natural
resources, development of technological
innovativeentrepreneurship;
maximum mobilization of the intellectual capital
andpeoplespiritualpot
ential,ensurecontinuityof
generations, increases of scientific potential and
culture;
the organization of investment funds, tools and
mechanismsofdevelopmentofinfrastructureand
innovativemanufacturingtoensurethegrowthof
domesticinvestments within thenext 10‐15 years
notlessthan20%topreviousyear;
creation of choice possibilit
y of the foreign
investments, answeringto problems of formation
Intellectual Organization in the New Model of the
Russian Marine Industry Development
N.A.Kostrikova&A.Ya.Yafasov
BalticFishingFleetStateAcademyoftheKaliningradStateTechnicalUniversity,Kaliningrad,Russia
ABSTRACT: The role of intellectual organizations in the formation of professional competence, social
adaptabilityandvolitionalqualitiesofworkersofmarineindustryisactualintermsofgrowthofnaturaland
man‐madeemergencysituations,unstablesocio‐economicenvironment.Inthema
rineindustry,exceptforthe
educationsystemandresearch,suchorganizationshaveprospectsofdevelopmentasthemostcompetitivein
theshipbuilding,fishingindustry,portmanagement,thelogisticsoffishingintheoceanandcoastalfisheries,
transportandstoragepriortofurtherprocessing.Inthisarticleisproposedaholist
icresourceapproachtothe
formation of intellectual organization as a major maritime educational complex that integrates all stages of
maritimespecialisttraining,fromaseamantoa masterofalargeshipincludingactiveresearchandintense
maritimepractice.
http://www.transnav.eu
the International Journal
on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation
Volume 8
Number 2
June 2014
DOI:10.12716/1001.08.02.12
268
ofinformation‐industrialsocietywithkernels in
the form of the intellectual organizations and
intellectualclusters;
the creationof rapidly developed infrastructure‐
communications, telecommunications, GIS,
transportation, roads, banks, hotelsin the
frameworkofthepublic‐privatepartnership;
theorganizationofmodernsystemofrepatriation
of compatriots and the
thought‐out migratory
policy in compliance with the principles of
humanityandeconomicreasonability;
theorganizationofacontinuoussystemoftraining
andretraining of personnel,providing constantly
updated intellectual resources for the problems
solutionofpost‐industrialeconomy.
Even against crisis the leading countries are
engaged in building‐
up of investments in
technological updating and by that they accurately
designate where there will pass the main line of
competitivefightinthefutureworldcompetitionand
thatitgivesthemintheformofperspective.
2 INTELLECTUALCLUSTERS
Considering the problems of education, recreation
andcontinuousupdating ofintellectual
resourcesand
theirroleinnationaleconomy,itisnecessarytopay
attention to one very important point: the direction
andnatureofevolutionofanysocietyisdefinednot
only by the amount of the gross domestic product
(GDP) volume, but also how this gross domestic
productisreached.
Ifitisawayofintellectualization
ofwork,itdevelopssocietyandpromotesgrowthof
its competitiveness. If it is a way of traditional
primitive extensive technologies, the motivation to
development weakens, and the state loses its
positions in the international markets, its economy
degrades. The limiting case in the
presence of rich
natural resources is the «Dutch diseaseʺ of the
economy.
Todayweliveinacenturyoftheworldeconomic,
political and cultural integration and unification, a
consequence of which world labor division, labor
migration and productive resources, standardization
and unification of the legislation, economic and
engineering processes,
the convergence of different
nation’s cultures. These processes cause an intense
competition for intellectual resources in the world
market for a simple reason – the maximum surplus
value in any production belongs to the intellectual
component which share in the world economy in
comparison with material and productive resources
increasesevery
year.
In the next decades of the modern alternative
globalization could be the formation of the 10‐15
regional economy‐ʺfree trade areasʺ which will be
protectedfromnegativeinfluenceofglobaleconomy
by means of protectionism, gold,ʺrawʺ or other
standard as basis for the establishment of foreign
exchange
rates.
Thesuccessfulsolutionofproblemsineconomyof
knowledge of the future is connected with
development of the intellectual organizations,
ʺintellectual clustersʺ [3] which activity is based on
theholistic viewsand resourceapproach, and social
resources as show events of the last years in Iraq,
Libya and Syria,
have not smaller value in
comparisonwithnatural,productive andintellectual
resources.Itisnecessarytopayattentiontothenew
phenomenon ofthe social environment in a number
of developed countries of Europe‐growing social
fragmentation and decrease in connection with this
phenomenon of stability development. Therefore
economy intellectualization is
represented objective
regularityandwhichisbasedontheformationofthe
intellectual organizations, the intellectual clusters as
which quantum in production could be considered
thesmallinnovativeenterprises(SIE).
The cluster means a network of the concentrated
geographically sign independent production and/or
service firms, suppliers and consumers, the
innovative
organizations–theresearchinstitutes(RI),
thedesignoffices(DO),universities,thescientificand
technical complexes (STC), SIMs and other market
institutes(brokers,consulting,engineeringandother
firms) interacting with each other within a uniform
fieldandredistributionofasurplusvalue.
Themainfeaturesoftheintellectualclusterare:
the organized intellectual ability to expect future
changes,forks,theirreasonsandconsequences;
integrating new knowledge with the existing in
clusterorganizational,institutional,individualand
collectiveintellectualcapital,abilitytocreatenew
knowledgeandcompetences;
ability to adhere to the development purposes,
effectively using and reproducing various
resources,
firstofall‐intellectual.
The realization of the general principles of
clustering policy of the intellectual organizations
assumes:
combinationofthegeneralandspecificstimulant
meansofclustering processesaccordingtofractal
model of intellectual clusters, using the principle
ʺfrombelowtoupʺandʺfromtoptodownʺ;
ensuring the fundamental principles of a
complementarity and compliance: local,
municipal,regionalandnationalclusters‐making
partoftheinternationalclusters;
communication processes of the intellectual
clustering with scientific, technological and
educational infra structures at the active state‐
privatepartnership(SPP)withtheleadingroleof
thestateinthis
process;
basing policy of the intellectual clustering on
countryhistory,itsculture,traditionsandpartner
activityexperience.
It is necessary to emphasize fractality of the
intellectualclustersandtheirnon‐contradictiontothe
fundamental principles of the complementarity and
compliance therefore providing the continuity and
indissolubilityofeconomydevelopment
ofthecertain
countriesandregionswithharmoniousentryintothe
futuredesignoftheworldeconomy.
Today the level of the innovative enterprises in
Russiaisless than15%,and productionshare inthe
internationalmarket–lessthan0,5%.Itisnotthebest
situation in this plan and
in the Kaliningrad region.
Nevertheless, there are the real preconditions for
transition from production of low repartition to
269
development of the full‐scale difficult productions
basedonnewtechnologiesforwhichhighlyqualified
specialists on highly paid workplaces will be
demanded. It would be allow to reduce one of the
main shortcomings of social and economic
development, both the region, and the country as a
whole–to
beginthesystemandsteadygrowthofstill
thin layer of organized and socially active middle
class on the basis of development of technological
innovativeentrepreneurships.
3 THEMARITIMEENTREPRENEURIAL
UNIVERSITIESARETHECRYSTALLIZATION
KERNELSOFTHEMARITIMEINTELLECTUAL
CLUSTERS
The World Ocean plays an important role in the
world
economy [4]. The competent professional
organization of safe maritime economy today is a
recognized need of countries and companies’
activities in the oceans. Itssignificance was shown
bytheglobalimpactoftheaccidentattheoilplatform
of British Petroleum in 2010. Causes of the accident
(thegeneraldamagefrom
whichonlyforresidentsof
theUSAisestimatedat40billiondollars),according
toaspeciallycreatedPresidentialCommissionforthe
United States and BP itself, was the lack of
engineeringqualificationofthepersonnel,whichled
tothecontinuousviolationsofworksafetyandtothe
inability of
the staff to identify early signs of
imminentfailure.
A series of the mistakes revealed by the
commissionshowed the systematic failures in a risk
management and called into the question culture of
thesafetymeasuresinbranchasawhole[5].
Hence it appears that strengthening of the
engineering, scientific,
educational, organizational
andinnovativecomponents in alargescalegrowing
ofmaritimebusinessinmodernconditionshasgreat
importance.Respectivelythetrainingofprofessionals
with advanced engineering knowledge in marine
economic activities, skills of work in extreme
conditionsofthe ArcticandAntarctica, intellectuals,
able to generate and apply entrepreneurial
new
knowledge to ocean management and sustainable
development is considered to be extremely actual.
Suchactivitydemandsheavycapitalinvestmentsand
withintheclassicaluniversitiesisratherproblematic.
Thenew organizational andlegal forms of the
organizationof education, science andgeneration of
theinnovations are necessary. These forms can be
successfully realized in a format of the maritime
entrepreneurialuniversities[6].
Speaking about a new role of the universities in
theknowledgeeconomy,manyresearcherswrite:ʺthe
main rate becomes not for processing of raw
materials,andonthecreationanddistributionofthe
knowledgeʺ[7].Suchtreatmentisnot
absolutelyexact
as the innovations are the materialized knowledge
demandedbythemarketthereforeitisnotimpossible
to treat the knowledge economy as the economy
directed simply on creation of new knowledge. The
following key stage of the knowledge economy – a
materialization of knowledge at new technological
levelaccording
toinquiriesofthemarketisnecessary.
Anditisconnectedwithnewlabor – highlyskilled,
capable to be trained and self‐trained in which
intelligence, – abilityto generate new knowledge, is
integrallycombinedwithproductionabilityandskills
ʺtoworkhandsʺ.Todayalldevelopedcountrieshave
deficiencyof such manpower.Withincrease oflevel
and quality of life the aspiration to difficult
knowledge and the difficult intellectual work,
demanding certain efforts at youth decreases.
Therefore the education and science reforms pass
todaypracticallyinallcountries.
Keys to the problem’s solution, according to the
authorsand
despiteoftheglobalizationprocessesare
not only in the economic plane, and in the moral,
cultural and spiritual planes. Therefore there are
demanded the maritime entrepreneurial universities
wherealongwithprofessionalknowledge,enterprise
skills being trained the moral and strong‐willed
qualitieswhich are so necessary for the work in
the
difficultconditionsoftheoceantakeroot.
The specifics of the training of the maritime
specialists assumes versatile development of the
professional knowledge and the skills, the special
psychologicaltrainingfortheextremesituations,the
ability to make decisions in the conditions of
uncertainty and risk and excellent physical
health.
Thequalitystandardsofthetrainingofthemaritime
specialistsconstantlyraise.
The Baltic Fishing Fleet State academy, fulfilling
all requirements of the International Convention of
TrainingCertificationandWatchkeepingforSeafarers
and other international normative documents,
developed and introduced the quality management
system covering all vertically integrated training
system.
In particular , the experts, having practical
experience of navigation‐captains of ships,
navigators, radio engineers, mechanics obligatory
participate in the educational process. Therefore the
KGTU‐BFFSA university complex reminds
entrepreneurial universities of the USA at which to
the teaching known businessmen with the original
special coursesare invited, andcase
methods of the
training become one of the most important
instruments of the formation of the professional
knowledgeandentrepreneurialskillsbeingtrained.
The continuous transformation of the fishery
education in the direction of the creation and the
integration of the scientific and educational
complexes in the system of the higher
education
institutionsoftheFederalFisheryAgencyshowedthe
relevance and the expediency of the creation of the
maritimeentrepreneurialuniversities.
In 2009 four higher education institutions‐the
Murmansk state technical university, the Astrakhan
statetechnicaluniversity,Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky
state technical university and the Kaliningrad state
technical university underwent the
procedure of the
stateaccreditationbyresultsofwhichandtakinginto
accountthedevelopmentofthefisheryscientists[8,9]
thedecisiononthecreationontheirbasis,andalsoon
thebasisoftheFarEastfisherytechnicaluniversityof
vertically integrated educational complexes was
made.
In particular, in the
Kaliningrad region it was
formed vertically and horizontally integrated
270
maritime entrepreneurial complex including the
educational institutions with a belt of the small
innovative enterprises both other scientific and
innovative and enterprise infrastructure which
showed the real opportunity and expediency of the
organization of the first maritime entrepreneurial
universityintheWestofRussia–intheKaliningrad
region(seefig.1‐3).75%ofthestructuraldepartments
and the external cooperative relations are realized
already toda
y by the KGTU‐BFFSA university
complexinpractice.Theneedofsuchrestructuringof
themaritimeeducationisexplainedbythefollowing.
The termʺnational entrepreneurial universityʺ
does not exist in the new Education Act 273FZ
,
although it is more suited to the industryʹs largest
public universities in the country. Therefore, it is
reasonabletoappealtotheParliamentofthecountry
with a legislative initiative to supplement the new
category of educational institutions of higher
education‐ʺnational entrepreneurial universityʺ to
theEducationAct.Suchanameandlegalformmost
accuratelyreflectthema
joreducationalorganizations
that are able to solvecomplex scientific, educational
and innovative problems, taking into account their
specificfeatures. Theywouldbefullyinlinewiththe
Strategyofdevelopmentofmaritimeactivitiesofthe
Russian Federation up to 2030 [10], and put a new
content to art
icle 103 of the Education Act 273FZ
whichdeterminescreationofbusinesscompaniesand
partnerships by higher educational institutions, the
activity of which is the practical implementation of
theresultsofintellectualactivity.
The maritime entrepreneurial university is
representedtodayanewstageindevelopmentofthe
ma
ritimeeducation,whichineconomyinseparably
from the science and the innovations, from the
development of the maritime business. It allows to
provideand realizesystem approachto the solution
ofthemaritimeactivityproblems.
4 THEINNOVATIVELOGISTICSINBALTIC
FISHIHGFLEETSTATEACADEMY
In the pa
radigm of the human capital development
and creation of the intellectual organizations, in the
BalticFishingFleetStateAcademysince2007,isbeing
developed and continuously improved the new
structure and logistics of innovative educational,
research and developmental activity [9], which can
become the model of the intellectual organization
with a kernel in the form of the ma
ritime
entrepreneurialuniversity.
AsofJune,2014itpresentedintheFigures1and2.
Figure1. The structure of maritime entrepreneurial
university
Figure2.Log
isticsofmaritimeentrepreneurialuniversity
Innovative activity, the search works connected
withtheformationofthescientificandtechnological
reserve are connected, as a rule, with the high risks
andhavelowappealtotheprivatebusiness.
Therefore the state role in the formation of the
innovative environment is the leader, and the
maritimeentrepreneurialuniversitieshavetobecome
akeyelementofthestatepolicyinthem
odernization
ofthemaritimeindustry.
They are capable to provide basic and applied
researchesoftheWorldOcean,to feedthemaritime
industrywiththenewtechnologiesandthetechnical
solutions, providing with the qualified professional
shots and distribution of the research and
development results, developing the int
ellectual
271
organizations in this important branch of Russian
economy.
Considered structure and logistics vertically and
horizontally integrated university complex – a
prototypeof themaritime entrepreneurialuniversity
withspecializationinfishbranchconsiders:
1 Specificity of the fishing industry‐a basic
component of food security and the maritime
industryingeneral,
havespecificrequirementsfor
the personnel training, the most important
elements of which are in addition to training is
highmoralandvolitionalqualities,knowledgeof
modern information and GIS technology and the
abilitytousethem,highgeneralknowledge,good
knowledge of foreign languages, a mandatory
practice in the
courts, the ability to make quick
decisionsinextremecases;
2 The need for development in the universities
sector research and innovation environment,
technology and simulator framework, reflecting
the current level of world shipbuilding, shipping
and fishing industry, to allow the preparation of
specialists, meeting the requirements of the
worldʹs
leading maritime power of the XXI
century, which is positioned in the Concept of
Russialong‐termdevelopmentfortheperiodupto
2020year;
3 The processes of development of the educational
system of maritime industry and the accelerated
modernization of the technological base of the
shipbuilding industry, new
technology
shipbuilding, construction of a new fishing fleet
and the development of modern logistics of
production, delivery, processing and delivery to
the world and the Russian domestic market fish
andothermarineproducts,whichmusttakeplace
simultaneously, generating a synergistic effect of
theindustry;
4 Necessityof furtherdevelopment in
the sector of
large multi‐level vertically and horizontally
integrated maritime university complexes
combining fisheries and Secondary specialized
educationalcolleges,researchinstitutesanddesign
bureaus, small businesses at universities, basic
departments and laboratories at the largest
enterprises of the coastal regions, small
educational‐scientific‐industrialcomplex(SESIC).
Supportinginfrastructurefor
innovationactivities,
ontheonehand,isacomponentofthemanagement
ofscientificandinnovationingeneral,aplatform of
technological entrepreneurship, on the other‐an
intermediary between suppliers of new products‐
structural units and employees of the university,
engageinresearch and innovation,and consumers‐
organizations and enterprises are
willing to pay for
intellectualproducts.Qualitymanagementsystem,in
addition, is the infrastructure to support innovation
activities of the Academy provides structural units
responsible service innovation (preparation of
documents,provisionofservicesinmediativeofR&
D, legal support contracts, technology consulting,
etc.).
One of the primary goals
of the infrastructure of
scientific and innovative activity is the formation of
Academy nurturing talented young researchers and
teachers‐theinnovatorsandthereleaseofAcademy
departments engaged in research activities, from
performing non‐core functions, the grouping of
functions in a specific subdivisions. This kind of
technology business incubators, greenhouses
for
youngornoviceinnovators,whoseroleisperformed,
for example, the Baltic Research Center, Student
DesignBureau.
5 CONCLUSION
Suchanapproachtotheintellectualorganizationsin
the new model of the Russian maritime industry
development consistently increases scientific and
innovativepotentialofthe Academy, through which
cadets and
academy students, young scientists and
teachers have the opportunity to participate actively
in the programs of various level generally with the
statesourcesoffinancing.
The state sources of financing of innovative
projectsinRussiaaresubdividedintothebudgetary
and off‐budget funds, the state competitions and
orders. The most
interesting to students in our
opinion is the program ofthe Foundation for
AssistancetoSmallInnovativeEnterprisesinScience
andtechnologyprogram,whichiscalledʺMemberof
YouthScientificInnovationContestʺ‐ʺM.Y.S.I.C.[11].
This program is a launching pad for young
researchers. Since 2007 in intellectual competitions
was attended
with their ideas more then 1000, of
which more. 50 young candidates prepared by
structuralunitsoftheAcademy,cameinthefinalof
theannualcompetition, and 14were 2‐yeargrantin
theamountof400thousandrubles.‐Fundingforthe
implementationofappliedR&Dprojects.
As
a result, the university complex KSTU‐BFFSA
currently has aʺbeltʺ by young innovators SIE`s
wheretheprojectoncreationofinnovativeproducts
for the marine industry and coastal areas. In
particular, in 2012, to the innovative structure of
BFFSAincluding5SIE,wereadded2more,whichare
being
developed in the field of manufacturing and
informationandcommunicationtechnologies:ʺBaltic
IT Centerʺ andʺXeniaʺ. These enterprises received
grantsFoundationforAssistancetoSmallInnovative
EnterprisesinScienceandtechnologyprogramʺwise
men to startʺ to 1 million rubles for the
implementationofR&Dandlaunchof
newproducts
thisyear
TheSIEʺIntelligentmunicipalityʺwassuccessfully
developedauniqueproductofthesamename,many
titlesofprotectedintellectualproperty,proceededto
the final stage of the project for implementation of
hardware and softwareʺIntel‐Mʺ in the seaside of
Gurievsk municipality of Kaliningrad. The total
amountmadeinthe lastyearsof researchAcademy
SIEexceeded20millionrubles.Thus,theintellectual
organization of the cells forming the new economy,
creating the basis for new methods of social control
and manufacturing systems using creative
technologies, and they are developing not only in
manufacturing, but also state
and municipal
government.
The maritime entrepreneurial universities
correspond to all main features of an intellectual
clusterformulatedinsection2ofthiswork.
272
The organization of the maritime entrepreneurial
universities in a paradigm of the intellectual
organizations will allow to modernize regional
systems of the integrated professional education in
seaside regions, to build new strategy of the
innovative transformations in the economy and the
social environment,to give a powerful impulse to a
sustainabledevelopment ofthe peripheral territories
ofRussia.
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