409
1 INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is included in a maritime country where
mostofitsareaissurroundedbyoceans,thehugeand
abundant potential of the sea must be utilized to
supporttheeconomyandimprovethewelfareofits
people.Onewaytomaximizethepotentialbenefitsof
the
sea is by optimally empowering fishing vessels
[5]. Fishing vessels are a means of determining the
success of fishing operations apart from fishermen
andfishinggear[2].AccordingtoCebi[1],thegood
condition of the ship is one of the factors that
determine the safety of the crew. Therefore, it
is
necessary to have a shipyard to repair, build and
maintain ships. Shipbuilding is a capture fisheries
supportingindustry thatcan meetthe needs of ship
repair[15].
According to Putra et al, [10] the lack of a lines
strategyandthe relianceonlyonexperiencearetwo
issues with
the traditional shipbuilding sector. Basic
tools are still in use. These problems limit the
shipyardʹs capacity to create. Kambase [8] according
tohisresearch,someofthemajorissuesaffectingship
Analysis of Inhibiting Factors in Shipyards in
Classterizing Shipyards on the Northen Coastal of ACEH
Indonesia Using the Fuzzy AHP Method: A Preliminary
Study
T.Rizwan
1
,M.A.Chaliluddin
1
,H.Nuvus
1
,M.Arif
2
,Y.Muchlis
3
&A.Akhyar
1
1
UniversitasSyiahKuala(USK),Darussalam,BandaAceh,Indonesia
2
TeukuUmarUniversity,Meulaboh,WestAceh,Indonesia
3
AbulyatamaUniversity,AcehBesar,Indonesia
ABSTRACT:ThefishingshipyardinBandaAcehCityisaprivatelyownedshipyardandismanagedinafamily
manner.Theshipyardhereisactiveincarryingoutmaintenance,repairandconstructionofnewshipswhen
there is demand from consumers. Shipyards in Banda Aceh
City generally make ships made of wood. The
problemthatiscurrentlybeingfacedisthattherearemanyabandonedshipsduetolackoffinance,natural
resources, human resources and the environmental, this is an obstacle to the progress and development of
shipyards.Thepurposeofthisstudyisto
determinetheinhibitingfactorsthatexistinshipyardsinthecityof
BandaAcehandfindalternativesolutionstotheseproblems.Themethodusedinthisstudyisasurveymethod
usedtolookatexistingsymptomsandcollectdataonfactorsrelatedtoresearchvariablesandthenanalyzed
using
theFuzzyAHPmethod.Theresultsofthisstudyindicatethatthefinancialinhibitingfactoristhemost
influentialfactor in shipyards with a resulting value of 0.4635, the inhibiting factor of Natural Resources is
worth 0.35675, the inhibiting factor of Human Resources is worth 0.2865 and the inhibiting factor from
the
environment is the inhibiting factor which is the lowest or less influential with a value of 0.14325. The
alternative solutions to financial problems are capital loans and investments. An alternative for natural
resourcesistheadditionofaminimumstocktoanticipatestockscarcityanddelaysinthedelivery
ofmaterials
and tools. The alternative for human resources is the existence of an office, organizational structure, and
division of tasks as well as awareness of occupational health and safety. As for the alternatives for the
environment,namelytheneedforbuildingsorinstallationoftarpaulinsforareaswhereshipsare
built,good
landmanagementandstudiesofothernaturalimpacts.
http://www.transnav.eu
the International Journal
on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation
Volume 18
Number 2
June 2024
DOI:10.12716/1001.18.02.19
410
maintenance and repair services in shipyards at the
moment include a shortage of capacity, out‐of‐date
maintenance equipment, a lack of equipment, and a
lackofskilledlabor.
TheconstructionoffishingvesselsinBandaAceh
isgenerallystilltraditional,thatis,itisnotbasedon
calculations of
shipping architecture (Naval
Architecture)and notallofthemfollowthe rulesof
the Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) like
modernshipbuilding[11].Thetermtraditionalrefers
moretothemethodor methodusedby fishing boat
buildersinconstructingtheirboats,wherethewayof
working or the method used
is a legacy from their
predecessors.ShipbuildingintheCityofBandaAceh
uses wood as a raw material because wood is more
economicalthanFiberGlassshipswhichaccordingto
shipbuilders are expensive to maintain and more
difficulttomanufacturethanordinarywoodenships
[20].
Thefishingshipyardbusinessin
thecityofBanda
Aceh continues well when consumers have a need,
and manufacturers are able to fill that need. The
availability of raw materials, raw material prices,
demand,thepresenceofoutsidecompetitorswhoare
the competitiveness of the shipyard business, and
regulationsgoverningtheshipyardbusinessaresome
ofthefactorsthathaveanimpactonthesustainability
oftheshipyardindustry.Thisresearchwillalsolook
atsomeofthesefactors.Tofindoutthesustainability
ofthisshipyardbusiness,areviewcanbecarriedout
regarding the components that are the forming
aspectsoftheshipyardbusiness
[12].
Based on the research conducted, the problem in
theBandaAcehCityshipyardsisthelargenumberof
abandonedshipsduetothedifficultyinobtainingthe
necessary raw materials and the lack of proper
management of the shipyards. So this research is
important to do to find out
the inhibiting factors of
shipyard management in Banda Aceh City. The
purposeofthisresearchwastofindouttheinhibiting
factors in shipyards in Banda Aceh Cit y and find
alternativesolutionstotheseproblems.
2 RESEARCHMETHOD
2.1 Timeandplace
This research will be carried out at traditional
shipyards
at three locations in Banda Aceh City,
namely Gampong Jawa, Lampulo, and Gampong
Mulia.
2.2 Methodofcollectingdata
The method of collecting data in this study was
carried out by means of observation and interviews
(interviews).Thedatacollectedinthisstudyareinthe
formofprimaryand
secondarydata.
1. Primary data collection is carried out using a
questionnaire with a closed method so that the
questions have been determined in advance and
direct interviews with producers or shipyard
workers as many as 10 people to find out the
inhibiting factors and constraints as well as the
efforts
that have been made by producers or
shipyard workers to control losses due to
constraint.
2. Secondary Data is data collection by studying
report books, previous studies, and existing
journals.
Figure1.Mapofresearchlocations
2.3 Dataanalysis
The data analysis method used in this research is
usingfuzzyAHP. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
(F‐AHP) is one of the ranking methods. F‐AHP is a
combination of the AHP method [6] with the Fuzzy
concept approach. F‐AHP can cover the weaknesses
foundinthe
AHPmethod,namelyinproblemswith
criteria that have a more subjective nature. The
uncertaintyofnumbersisrepresentedbytheorderof
thescale.Todeterminethedegreeofmembershipin
the F‐AHP, function rules are used in the form of
TriangularFuzzyNumbers(TFN)whicharearranged
basedonlinguisticsets[21].
Table1.FuzzyValueScale
________________________________________________
Intensity LinguisticVariable Triangle Resiprocal
Fuzzy TFN
Number
(TFN)
________________________________________________
1 Comparisonoftwosimilar (1,1,1)(1,1,1)
elements
2 Thetwoelementshavethe (1/2,1,3/2)(2/3,1,2)
sameimportance
3 Oneelementisslightlymore (1,3/2,2) (1/2,2/3,1)
importantthantheother
4 Thetwoelementshavethe (3/2,2,5/2)(2/5,1/2,2/3)
same
importance
5 Oneelementismoreimportant (2,5/2,3) (1/3,2/5,1/2)
thantheother
6 Thetwoelementshavethe (5/2,3,7/2)(2/7,1/3,2/5)
sameimportance
7 Oneelementissignificantly (3,7/2,4) (1/4,2/7,1/3)
moreimportantthantheother
8 Thetwoelementshavethe (7/2,4,9/2)
(2/9,1/4,2/7)
sameimportance
9 Oneelementisabsolutelymore (4,9/2,9/2)(2/9,2/9,1/4)
importantthantheother
________________________________________________
Source:Turkanetal.,2019[21]
411
Theadvantageofthismodelisthattheupperand
lower limits are obtained so that the lowest and
highest values of a problem result canbe identified.
ThestepsoftheFAHPmethodareasfollows:
1. Arrangetheproblemin a hierarchicalform,along
withthehierarchical
formofthisresearch.
Figure2.Issuehierarchy
2. Matrixofexpertopinion.Makingamatrixofexpert
opinions is done by forming a pairwise
comparison matrix to describe the effect of each
element. Making the matrix is done by giving a
questionnaire[16].
3. Compileacomparisonmatrixbetweenallelements
or criteria using the Triangular Fuzzy Number
(TFN)scalewhichcanbeseeninthetableabove.
TheFuzzyvaluescales.
4. DeterminethevalueofFuzzySyntheticExtent(Si).
AccordingtoSuciadi[19],determiningthe Fuzzy
SyntheticExtent(Si)valueofeachcriterioninthe
maincriteriamatrixisasfollows:
1
111
mnm
ii
jij
ii
Si M M
gg
(1)
Fromtheformulaabove,theinversecalculationof
the sum of the TFN results for each main matrix is
obtainedasfollows:
1
11
11 1
111
, ,
nm
i
mm m
ij
jjj
jj j
i
M
g
lmu
(2)
where:
Si‐FuzzySyntheticExtent
M‐TriangularFuzzyNumber(TFN)
i‐Rowindex
j‐Columnindex
1
m
i
j
i
M
g
‐Total value of each column starting from
column1ineachcolumn
1
m
j
j
l ‐Totalvalueoflfirstcolumn(bottom)
1
m
j
j
m ‐The total value of the first (medium) m
columns
1
m
j
j
u ‐Totalvalueofufirst(top)column
5. Calculate the priority value of the vector. The
eigenvectors or priority vectors are the element
weights. Calculating the priority value of the
vectorusesthefollowingformula:
22
21 12
12
22 11
1,
0
,
if m m
VM M ifl u
otherwise
lu
mu ml
(3)
where:
M
1‐TriangularFuzzyNumberofeachcriterion(Ki)
V‐Vectororcomparison
m‐Medianvalue(middlepossibility))
l‐lowervalue(lowestpossibility)
u‐uppervalue(toppossibility)
Tocomparethe valuesofM
1andM2,ittakesthe
valuesV(M
2M1)andV(M1M2)whosebenchmarkis
m
1. If the M1value is greater than the M2 value, the
valueis1.IftheM
1valueislessthantheM2value,the
formulaisused:
12
21
22 11
lu
VM M
mu ml
(4)
6. Determine the normalized weight value (vector
weight value). Normalization of fuzzy vector
weightvalues(W).Afternormalizingtheequation
instep(2‐5),thenormalizedvectorweightvalues
areasfollows:
12
, ,...,
n
WdA dA dA
(5)
whereWisanon‐fuzzynumber.
7.
Rankingtheresultsoffuzzycalculations.Afterall
calculations have been completed, ranking is
carried out on which criterion is the most
influentialandwhichalternativeismostneeded.
2.4
Application
Inthissection,theFuzzytechniqueisusedtoanalyze
theinhibiting factors in theshipyardin BandaAceh
City, the following is table 1 which shows the
parameters observed for the determination of
inhibitingfactorsinshipyardsandtable2showsthe
listofcriteria:
Table1.ObservationParameters
________________________________________________
No ObservationParameters
________________________________________________
1 Lackofcapitalinthemanufactureorrepairofships
2 Itisdifficulttogetthenecessaryrawmaterials
3 Delayindeliveryofrawmaterials
4 Therearenoofficebuildingsandstoragewarehouses
5 LackofawarenessofOSH
6 Rainintensity
7 Erosionandsedimentationrates
________________________________________________
412
Table2.Listofcriteria
________________________________________________
CodeCriteriaName Researchsites
________________________________________________
C1 Shipyard1 GampongJawa
C2 Shipyard2 GambongJawa
C3 Shipyard3 GampongJawa
C4 Shipyard4 GampongJawa
C5 Shipyard5 GampongJawa
C6 Shipyard6 GampongMulia
C7 Shipyard7 GampongMulia
C8 Shipyard8 Lampulo
C9 Shipyard9 Lampulo
C10 Shipyard10 Lampulo
________________________________________________
Basedontheobservationparameters,itispossible
to determine the shipyard inhibiting parameters
whicharealsocalledalternativesasshownintable3
below:
Table3.Alternatives
________________________________________________
Code Inhibitingfactors
________________________________________________
A1Financial
A2NaturalResources
A3Enviroment
A4HumanResources
________________________________________________
Weightassessmentonalternativesusingascaleas
showninthetable4below:
Table4.WeightofAlternativeCriteriaValues
________________________________________________
WeightvalueDescriptionoftheweightvalue
________________________________________________
1 Verygood
0,75 Good
0,5 Fair
0,25 Less
0 Veryless
________________________________________________
Table6.ConversionofCriteriaWeightValuesfromEach
Alternative
________________________________________________
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10
________________________________________________
A1 0.25 0.75 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.5 0.25
A2 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.5 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.25
A3 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.25 0.75
A4 0.5 0.00 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.25 0.75 0.75 0.5
________________________________________________
3 RESULTANDDISCUSSION
Based on research that has been conducted on 10
shipyards spread across three different locations,
namely Gampong Jawa, Gampong Mulia and
Lampulo, it is known that several inhibiting factors
are found in several shipyards including: Financial,
Natural Resources, Human Resources and
Environment.theinhibitingfactorsontheseshipyards
were analyzed using the Fuzzy AHP method. The
rankingresultsforeachoftheseinhibitingfactorscan
beseeninthegraphbelow(Fig.3).
Based on the graph above, it is known that the
highest ranking in this study is the financial factor
whichisthemostinhibitingfactor
intheshipyardin
BandaAcehcitywithavalueof0.4635andthelowest
factoristheenvironmentwithavalueof0.14325.then
the inhibiting factors will be sought alternative
solutions. The following alternative solutions are
offeredfortheseinhibitingfactors:
Figure3.GraphofResearchResults
3.1 Financial
Based on the financial problems discussed earlier, a
suitable alternative is to borrow capital and invest
from outsiders. This is in accordance with the
statement [7]. Capital is a source of fear when the
industryhasstartedtobepioneeredbutitisdifficult
to grow and develop. Capital issues
include how to
determinebusinesscapitalneeds,howtogetfundsor
sources of capital and procedures for managing
limited capital to get maximum benefits. In
connection with the problem of limited capital an
industry requires support from financial institutions
includingbanks,cooperatives,andothers[17].
3.2
NaturalResources(SDA)
Basedontheproblemofmaterialscarcitysuchasraw
materials and material delivery delays, the
appropriate alternative is to consider adding a
minimum stock to the warehouse to anticipate raw
materialshortages.Thenextalternativesolutionisto
have a backup or usea backup supplier if
the main
supplier experiences problems in the procurement
process or not. can fulfill orders. Reserve suppliers
should prioritize local suppliers to facilitate the
processofsendingmaterials[9].
Table5.Criteriaweight inputforeachalternative
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8C9 C10
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
A1Less Good Fair Fair Less VeryLess Less Veryless Fair Less
A2Less Fair Fair Fair Less Fair Less Less Fair Less
A3Less Veryless Less Less Less Less Less Fair Less Good
A4Fair Veryless Less Fair Fair Good Less Good Good Fair
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
413
Table7.FuzzyCalculations
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
FuzzyTriangularNumber FuzzySynthesis VectorWeightsNormalization
l m ul m u ValueMin Value
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
C1 17 21 24.5 0.11 0.17 0.25 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,11 0.57
C2 13 16.67 20.5 0.08 0.13 0.21 0,745,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,10.74 0.43
C3 8.83 12.57 16.5 0.05 0.10 0.17 0,0.723,0.944,1,0.761,1,1,1,1 0 0
C4 10.58 13.35 16.33 0.07 0.10 0.17 0,0,1,1,0.8,1,1,1,10 0
C5 8.80 11.07 13.58 0.06 0.09 0.14 0,0,0,0.798,0.589,1,1,1,10 0
C6
13.07 15.9 20.17 0.08 0.13 0.20 0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,10 0
C7 0.07 9.9 13.17 0.05 0.08 0.13 0,0,0,0,0,0.515,1,1,10 0
C8 6.24 7.15 8.36 0.04 0.05 0.07 0,0,0,0,0,0,0.614,0.821,10 0
C9 6.23 8.40 13.17 0.04 0.07 0.13 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,10 0
C10 5.81 7.19 10.5 0.037 0.06 0.108 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.8720 0
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Total 97.65 123.2 156.77
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.3 HumanResources(HR)
Based on the problem, there are no offices and
warehouses for storing tools and materials in the
Banda Aceh City shipyard, which causes the
management of the shipyard to be less organized.
AccordingtoRizwan[14]Ashipyardmustprovidean
office building; this serves to make it
easier when
outsiders come to the shipyard to place orders for
ships. According to Ekoanindiyo [4] warehouses in
industryhaveanimportantrolebecausetheyfunction
asaplacetostorematerialsandtoolsfromexposure
tosunlightandrainwhichresultinadecreaseinthe
qualityofraw
materials.
Besides that, related to the problem of lack of
awarenessofOccupationalHealthandSafety(OSH),
the alternative needed is to create a safe and
comfortable work atmosphere. The proprietor or
supervisorofthedockyardmustendeavortoenforce
safety measures effectively. To attain the goal of
ensuring the safety
of dockyard laborers, it is
imperative to create an Occupational Health and
Safety(OSH)scheme.Theinitialactiontobetakenis
tocompilearosterofprerequisitesinthedockyardto
satisfyOSHprerequisites.Asareference,wecanrefer
to the standards outlined in the Government
Regulationof
theRepublicofIndonesiaNumber50of
2012 about the OSH Management System.
Implementing OSH is an attempt to avert mishaps,
work‐related ailments, and machinery impairment
[18].
3.4
Environment
Problems in the shipyard environment such as high
rainintensity,analternativesolutioncanbedoneby
installing tarpaulin in the area where shipbuilding
workwillbecarriedoutwhentherearesignsthatit
willrainsothatworkthatisnotrelatedtoelectricity
canstillbecarried
outandcanprotectmaterialsand
equipmentworkfromtheoccurrenceofrain[3].
As for erosion and sedimentation problems,
Exploring the issue of erosion and sedimentation
processes can lead to diverse optionsto address the
challengesposedbytheexcessivesedimentationrate
in a watershed. It is crucial to
identify effective
remedies for issues linked to high sedimentation
levels [13]. In general, the management of
sedimentation can be categorized into four distinct
activities,whichincludedecreasingtherateoferosion
in the upstream region, decreasing the quantity of
sedimentthatisdepositedinthereservoir,decreasing
the sediment load that
enters the reservoir, and
eliminating sediment buildup in shipping channels.
Additionally,otheractionsthatcanbetakeninclude
land management and community involvement in
sedimentationmanagement[13].
4
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of this study is that after processing
thedatausingFuzzyAHPitisknownthattheresults
obtained for financial inhibiting factors are 0.4635,
natural resources are 0.35675, human resources are
0.2865andenvironmentare0.14325.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors greatly thank to LP3M USK for funding in this
research in the 2023 fiscal year under number
146/UN11.2.1/PT.01.03/PNPB/2023, Ayana Rizki, S.Pi,
(Shipyard and Navigation Lab, PSP USK) for collecting
data.MarineandfisheriesserviceofficerofAcehProvince.
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