751
1 INTRODUCTION
Issues of mental health [2, 3] at sea were reported for
Asian crew on international fleets [4]. Sliskovic and
Penezic [5] emphasized that mortality among seafarers
was never a joke and can be attributed to three factors
– accidents [6], lifestyle-related diseases [7, 8] and
suicide [5, 9, 10, 11, 12].
Suicide was rather widespread among seafarers [5,
9, 10, 11, 12]. It is prevalent among seafarers suffering
from rank discrimination and criminalization [5, 10,
13], voyage durations [5,14,15] , gender discrimination
and work abuse [5, 10, 13 ], age gap [5] , nationality and
cultural differences [5, 9, 10, 14] . Some declare
disappearing seafarers as suicide attempts [10].
Many people take for granted that seafarers are
heavily tolled on mental health during a single tenure
of the contract. The ship is an isolated environment
where the crew has a tolling demand for
communication and welfare [16]. Some consider it a
prison rather than a workplace [17]. Jobs are lucrative,
very stressful [18, 19] and very dangerous [10, 20].
Safety4Sea [21] stated that stress onboard has a
prevalent impact among seafarers. Stress directly
Contributing Factors and Strategies Applied Onboard
Ship: Basis for Development of Booklet to Enhance
Seafarers’ Mental Health
B.G.S. Sarinas & A.F. Casañare
John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (Arevalo), Iloilo City, Philippines
ABSTRACT: In order to help and save the lives of seafarers, the researchers conducted a developmental research
to formally create a booklet in e-copy that is a simple, situational, and handy source of knowledge. This study
aimed to identify the component of the booklet based on the study of Sarinas et al. [1] in terms of the factors
affecting the seafarers’ mental health and strategies they applied to counteract these issues. The ADDIE (Analysis,
Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model was utilized to develop a booklet. A content
validated researcher-made instruments were used to measure the satisfaction of seafarers over the booklet and
the acceptability of the experts on the booklet with a reliability index of 0.91 using Cronbach alpha. The content
analysis was employed to determine the factors affecting seafarers’ mental health and the strategies to counteract
these factors. Meanwhile, frequency, percentage, rank, mean, and standard deviation were used as the statistical
tools. Results revealed that, there are 30 factors included in the booklet in the Analysis phase with various
situational strategies to combat the factors affecting the mental health of seafarers. Moreover, in the Design phase,
there were 10 factors added with corresponding strategies emanated from instructors who were seafarers
previously and from experts in mental health. In the Development phase, the booklet made use of the 4 E (Engage,
Explore, Explain, and Evaluation) while for the Implementation phase, the e-copy of booklets were given to
seafarers as well as the evaluation form for them to assess the booklet and indicate their level of satisfaction. In
the Evaluation phase, it shows that seafarers’ level of satisfaction towards the booklet is “Very High” which means
that seafarers find the overall appearance and content of the supplemental learning material excellent.
http://www.transnav.eu
the International Journal
on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation
Volume 16
Number 4
December 2022
DOI: 10.12716/1001.16.04.17
752
affects a person’s mental well-being [9, 22]. The effects
were highlighted as lack of interest, lack of motivation,
strained temper, carelessness, taking shortcuts,
frustration, diminished seriousness, blaming,
workplace absences, and committing personal
mistakes [23, 24, 25 26] . Rengamani and Murugan [27]
suggest that major stressors root on psychological and
social issues related to both work and personal lives,
respectively. Mental health stressors are agitated by the
course of time in conjunction with fatigue and
surrounding forces [9, 17, 28, 29], family separation [5],
and negative companionship with potential assaults of
piracy [10, 13, 30]. According to The Sea [31],
International Maritime Bureau has tallied 75 incidents
of piracy and armed robbery in the first half of 2019
compared to the 107 incidents in 2018 of the same
period. If left unchecked, this may create long- term
repercussions on business and strain the market in the
long run [10].
Many efforts were taken over time to address the
growing concerns of the local and international
shipping market regarding the mental health of
seafarers [32, 33]. The Sea [31] outlined this matters’
silver linings as international initiatives were launched
to address mental health awareness. The International
Chamber of Shipping [34] has also disseminated
information regarding the implementation of the
updates of the MLC Guidelines which includes,
compensation to seafarers, employment arrangement
relating to piracy, measures for the prevention of
harassment and bullying, new ICS/ ITF welfare
guidelines as well as the implementation of health and
safety provisions.
Carotenuto et al. (2012) and Sliskovic and Penezic
[9, 5] suggest, cutting tenure time and prolonged
vacation periods, reduced working hours, reliable
telecommunications and internet connectivity,
recreational opportunities, and social gatherings that
support team-building help improve mental health
issues at sea. Jones [35] cites that Nautilus and ITF are
fighting for better minimum wages for all seafarers.
Seafarers must be compensated properly for their
efforts and sacrifices at sea.
Barker [32] suggests a training program for
seafarers to remove the stigma of mental health and
suggest targeting the very roots of the cause. Hayward
[36] agrees and suggests conducting activities to
increase mental health awareness and prevent violence
onboard. Some small efforts were made, such as taking
information campaigns, booklet and leaflet
publications [10, 32, 33], promotional of physical
fitness and psychological support [32]. Fields [37]
highlighted charitable deeds to seafarer welfare as a
form of human healing and outreach.
Most studies focus on mental and physical issues
and root causes, which then other studies draw
conclusive solutions for the said reason. However,
developmental studies that concentrate on seafarer
psychological well-being are limited, less exploited
and somehow ignored. Efforts of both local and
international support are everywhere. However, the
support can only reach a limited number at high times
throughout the entire ship and crew population. Thus,
with the initiative of coping with the worsening mental
health crisis at sea and having a booklet either in
printed or e-copy could be a handy source of
knowledge, this study was conceptualized.
This developmental research aimed to produce a
booklet or supplemental learning material in
enhancing seafarers’ mental health.
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Research Design
This study employed a developmental research design
specifically on product design and development. This
study falls under the Type 1 developmental research
since it focused on designing and developing a booklet
[38].
This study followed the ADDIE (Analysis, Design,
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) Model
to develop the booklet. The offshoot of this study is to
provide reading material on mental health for
seafarers’ onboard ships.
2.2 Participants
The respondents of this study were the 30 seafarers
selected through convenience and snowball sampling.
They were asked to determine their satisfaction with
the booklet. Three Instructors were also chosen
through convenience sampling to determine what
factors are lacking, and strategies can be gleaned from
the study of Sarinas et al. [1].
Meanwhile, three experts in the field of mental
health and three writers of instructional material were
chosen through purposive sampling. They determined
the acceptability of the booklet. Table 1 shows the
distribution of the respondents.
Table 1 Distribution of Respondents (N=39)
________________________________________________
Category f %
________________________________________________
Entire Group 39 100
A. Seafarers 30 76
B. Instructors (Previously as seafarers) 3 8
C. Experts
C.1. Instructional Material 3 8
C.2. Mental Health 3 8
________________________________________________
2.3 Instrument
The instruments used in the study were the matrix for
content analysis, seafarers’ acceptability survey form,
and experts’ acceptability survey form. These were
validated by experts in research and instructional
material.
Furthermore, both the seafarers’ satisfaction survey
form and experts’ evaluation form underwent
reliability-testing using Cronbach alpha. The reliability
test shows that the instrument has 0.91 reliability
coefficient.
2.4 Data Collection
Based on the ADDIE Model [39], the data gathering
procedure can be best illustrated in Figure 1.
753
Figure 1.
In the Analysis phase, the researchers verified the
study of Sarinas et al. [1] using the matrix of content
analysis to determine the factors affecting mental
health and the strategies to counteract these factors.
These topics were included in the booklet.
In the Design phase, the researchers consulted three
Professional Instructors or seafarers before,
psychologists or experts in mental health, and a
psychiatrist to review the list of factors affecting mental
health and the strategies to counteract these factors of
the booklet. This was done through an informal
interview. They suggested other factors and strategies
that the researchers have not included based on the
study of Sarinas et al. [1].
In the Development phase, factors affecting mental
health and the strategies to counteract these factors
were written in the booklet. These were validated in
terms of acceptability by two psychologists and a
psychiatrist. The booklet was patterned with the 4 E
Instructional model from Bodzin [40]. Four E stands for
Engage, Explore, Explain, and Evaluate.
In the Engage stage, the seafarer’s interests were
involved, and the topic will be connected on a personal
level. This phase of the learning cycle helps seafarers
answer questions such as: Why is this topic important
to me?
In the Explore stage, seafarers reinforced their
understanding of concepts, applied the concepts, and
practiced the process onboard ships. In this learning
phase, seafarers begin to construct for themselves the
meaning from the exploration activities.
In the Explain stage, seafarers read the text per
factor and strategies, developing a context for
important concepts. This strengthens the seafarers’
personal understanding of key concepts generated in
the Engage and Explore phases. The Explain phase is
supported by practical examples which contain
discussions so that seafarers can study independently.
In the Evaluation stage, seafarers find self-
assessment based on the Engage, Explore, and Explain
phases. These self-assessments may contain self-
reflection on the strategies they must apply
appropriately depending on the factors that affect their
mental health.
In the Implementation phase, the e-copy of the
booklet was given to seafarers for their perusal. A copy
of the e-booklet was provided to the seafarer through
convenience sampling to fully go through the material.
In the Evaluation phase, the booklet was evaluated
by the conveniently selected 30 seafarers in terms of
satisfaction, three experts in mental health, and three
experts in instructional materials. It is in this phase
where satisfaction and acceptability level were
determined.
2.5 Data Analysis
Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used
in the conduct of this study. The qualitative analysis
technique employed content analysis. It determined
the factors affecting mental health and the strategies to
counteract these factors. Meanwhile, frequency,
percentage, rank, mean, and standard deviation were
used as the statistical tools. The mean was used to
determine the seafarers’ satisfaction and experts’
acceptability levels of the developed booklet. The mean
scale, descriptive rating, and indicators for the levels of
satisfaction and acceptability in the booklet to enhance
seafarers’ mental health is found in Table 2.
Table 2 Levels of Satisfaction and Acceptability in the
Booklet to Enhance Seafarers’ Mental Health
________________________________________________
Mean Descriptive Indicators
Scale Rating Satisfaction Acceptability
________________________________________________
3.51-4.00 Very High Seafarers find Experts think
the overall that the overall
appearance and aspects of the
content of the supplemental
supplemental learning material
learning are excellent and
material have minimal
excellent. revisions
2.51-3.50 High Seafarers find Experts think
most parts and that the overall
content of the aspects of the
supplemental supplemental
learning learning material
material are very good but
sufficient. still have several
revisions.
1.51-2.50 Low Seafarers find Experts think
most parts and that the overall
content of the aspects of the
supplemental supplemental
learning learning material
material are good but
insufficient. need a lot of
revisions.
1.00-1.50 Very Low Seafarers find Experts think
the overall that the overall
appearance aspects of the
& content of the supplemental
supplemental learning material
learning should all be
material not revised or
usable. scratched.
________________________________________________
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Standard deviation was used to determine the
spread of the responses obtained in the seafarers’
satisfaction and experts’ evaluation.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Mental health is an alarming topic in the maritime
industry. It is underrated or less explored as to be one
of the biggest factors that seafarers face every day at
sea [5]. There are lots of contributory factors or causes
of mental health problems that can lead to anxiety and
depression [10, 11]. If untreated will result to suicide [5,
10, 11].
Sarinas et al. [1] pointed out that the top three
factors affecting seafarers’ mental health are stress,
fatigue or temporary loss of power to respond, and
separation from families and friends. With this result
and alarming cases of suicidal attempts, the
researchers arrived at working on a booklet to help
seafarers enhance their mental health onboard ships.
This will serve as their guide in case they face various
factors onboard ship affecting their mental health.
3.1 Seafarers’ Booklet based on the ADDIE Model
3.1.1 Analysis Phase
In this counteract these factors. These two variables
were included in the booklet. Table 3 shows the results.
phase, the researchers reviewed the study of Sarinas et
al. [1] on the contributory factors that affect seafarers’
mental health and the strategies used by seafarers’
onboard ship to.
Table 3 Contributory Factors that Affect the Mental Health of Seafarers and the Strategies Used by Seafarers’ Onboard Ship
to Counteract these Factors
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Factors Strategies
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Stress Pamper one’s self; Socialize with crewmates; Take a break; Stay positive; Communicate with
family; Enjoy while working; Write a journal
Fatigue (temporary loss Pamper one’s self; Take a break; Talk to someone; Check one’s health
of power to respond)
Separation from families Communicate with family; Stay positive; Think of my family as an inspiration
and friends
Not enough sleep Pamper one’s self; Manage time wisely; Drink coffee
Prolonged period of time Stay positive; Pamper one’s self; Socialize with crewmates; Communicate with family
at sea or long voyages
Long working hours Take a rest; Enjoy while onboard ship; Manage time wisely; Think of one’s family as inspiration;
Stay focus; Communicate with crewmates; Drink lots of water
Loneliness Socialize with crewmates; Communicate with family; Pamper one’s self; Stay positive
Increased pressure Stay positive; Manage time wisely; Take a rest; Learn to say ‘no’
Confined in the same Socialize with other crew; Keep one’s self busy; Refresh one’s self; Adapt to the situation; Take
environment short shore leave
Social isolation or far Communicate with family; Socialize with other crew; Pamper one’s self; Think of one’s family as
from home inspiration; Enjoy while onboard; Stay focus
Family problems Communicate with family; Talk to someone onboard ship; Keep one’s self busy; Pray; Be patient;
Ask advice from relatives
Lack of shore leave Enjoy while onboard ship; Pamper one’s self; Communicate with family; Talk to stevedores; Be
patient
High workload Be organized; Time management; Seek help from officers; Work with compassion; Pray
Little contact with Communicate with family; Enjoy crewmates’ company; Read books; Stay positive
family and friends
Bullying Keep distant; Stay positive
Ship motion Ignore and get used to it; Take medicine and rest; Breath fresh air
Cultural problems Understand the situation; Observe and adapt; Be with fellow Filipino crew
Harassment Report to officers; Be respectful; Talk personally
Poor working conditions Keep one’s self healthy; Observe and adapt; Stay positive
Threat to piracy attack Be alert and prepared; Pray; Educate one’s self; Adhere to company protocols; Ask senior officers
Lack of crew cohesion Understand the situation; Stay humble; Socialize with other crew
Noise Adapt with the environment; Put on the earphones and turn on the music; Refresh one’s self
Low salary Work harder for promotion; Appreciate the value of money
Limited medical aid Bring one’s own medicine; Safety first
onboard ship
Short ship turnaround Manage time wisely; Take a rest; Cooperate with crewmates; Stay positive
times
Physical abuse Be respectful; Report to senior officer
Criminalization Calm down; Be friendly
Work-role conflict Seek assistance from superior; Know one’s work and responsibility
Vibration Adapt with the environment; Put on the earphones and turn on the music
Job security Perform a job well done; Do one’s best
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.1.2 Design Phase
On this phase, the researchers consulted three
Professional Instructors or seafarers before, two
psychologists or experts in mental health, and a
psychiatrist to review the list of factors affecting mental
health and the strategies to counteract these factors of
the booklet. This was done through an informal
interview. They suggested other factors and strategies
that the researchers have not included based on the
study of Sarinas et al. [1].
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Table 4 shows the results.
Table 4 Other Factors and Strategies from Experts Added in
the Booklet
________________________________________________
Factors Strategies
________________________________________________
Existing medical Medicine/maintenance, exercise, and
condition diet
Lack of recreational Request from company, improvise
facilities activities/facilities
Poor living conditions Request from company, adjust to
what is available, improvise
Personal fears/ Talk to other crew, read books, join
perceptions/attitude recreational activities
Food quality/quantity Talk to onboard food committee or
appropriate supervisor, cook own
food
Boredom due to Learn new skills and hobbies
routine activities Read the Bible and other inspiring
books; Pray/meditate
Interact with crewmates
Conflict with Officers Learn to understand their behaviors
or fellow crew Be patient; Show humility and
members respect; Have time to talk to them
Verbal or sexual abuse Talk to company
Death of a loved one Talk to family
Interact with crew members
Financial loss of Access Godly power such as reading
investment scriptures in the Bible
Listen to music
________________________________________________
3.1.3 Development Phase
The contributory factors affecting seafarers’ mental
health and the strategies to counteract these factors
were written in the booklet. The lay-out of the booklets
is a two column, tabular format – on the left are the
contributory factors, while on the right are the
strategies to counteract these factors. For the Engage
stage, the seafarers’ interests were involved and the
mental health topic was connected personally. For the
Explore stage, seafarers reinforced their understanding
of concepts, applied the concepts, and practiced the
process onboard ships. In the Explain stage, seafarers
read the text per factor and strategies developing a
context for important concepts. This strengthens the
seafarers’ personal understanding of key concepts
generated in the Engage and Explore phases. The
Explain phase is supported by practical examples
which contain discussions so that seafarers can study
independently. In Evaluation stage, seafarers find self-
assessment based on the Engage, Explore, and Explain
phases. These self-assessments contained self-
reflection on the strategies they must apply
appropriately depending on the factors that affect their
mental health.
3.1.4 Implementation Phase
The e-copy of the Seafarers’ Mental Health booklet
was evaluated by both the conveniently selected 30
seafarers in terms of satisfaction, three experts in
mental health, and three experts in instructional
materials. It is in this phase where satisfaction and
acceptability level were determined.3.2 Posttest Score
Performance of the Experimental and Control Groups
Table 5 shows the satisfaction level of the seafarer
respondents on the developed booklet in enhancing
seafarers’ mental health. The grand mean is 3.52, and
the level of seafarers’ satisfaction is described as “Very
High,” which means that seafarers find the overall
appearance and content of the supplemental learning
material excellent.
In terms of physical aspects, the composite mean is
3.49, and the level of seafarers’ satisfaction is described
as “High,” which means that seafarers find most parts
of the supplemental learning material sufficient.
While for strategies to counteract factors affecting
mental health, the composite mean is 3.44, and the level
of seafarers’ satisfaction is described as “High,” which
means that seafarers find most strategies of the
supplemental learning material sufficient.
Finally, in terms of its usefulness, the composite
mean is 3.62.The level of seafarers’ satisfaction is
described as “Very High,” which means that seafarers
find the supplemental learning material very useful or
beneficial.
Table 5 shows the results.
Table 5 Seafarers’ Level of Satisfaction on the Developed
Booklet in Enhancing Mental Health
________________________________________________
Statement Mean Descriptive SD
Rating
________________________________________________
A. Physical Aspects
1. The contents of the booklet 3.53 Very High 0.51
are well-organized.
2. The layout design is 3.40 High 0.62
coherent and pleasing to
the eyes.
3. The font style and size of 3.50 High 0.57
the booklet are appropriate.
4. All images and text in the 3.57 Very High 0.50
booklet are visible and clear.
5. The booklet is well edited 3.43 High 0.73
for spelling, grammar, and
missing words
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.49 High 0.59
Rating, & SD
B. Strategies to Counteract Factors Affecting Mental Health
(MH)
1. The directions are clearly 3.57 Very High 0.50
written and well explained.
2. The strategies are relevant 3.57 Very High 0.50
to the factors that affect
mental health
3. The strategies being offered 3.43 High 0.57
are varied.
4. The strategies can be done 3.30 High 0.60
easily.
5. The strategies can be done 3.33 High 0.55
by the seafarers any time
as the need arises.
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.44 High 0.54
Rating, & SD
C. Usefulness
1. The booklet can help 3.73 Very High 0.45
seafarers learn better.
2. The booklet can improve 3.73 Very High 0.45
seafarers’ mental health.
3. The booklet is relevant to 3.53 Very High 0.51
the setting onboard ship.
4. The booklet can be used by 3.53 Very High 0.51
a seafarer even without the
help of others.
5. The booklet can motivate or 3.57 Very High 0.50
catch the interest of the
seafarers.
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.62 Very High 0.48
Rating, & SD
Grand Mean, Descriptive 3.52 Very High 0.54
Rating, & SD
________________________________________________
756
Table 6 shows the acceptability level of the
Instructional Material Experts on the developed
booklet in enhancing seafarers’ mental health. The
grand mean is 3.24, and the level of Instructional
Material Experts’ acceptability is described as “High,”
which means that experts think that the overall aspects
of the supplemental learning material are very good
but still have several revisions.
In terms of physical aspects, the composite mean is
3.0, and the level of Instructional Material Experts’
acceptability is described as “High,” which means that
experts find most parts of the supplemental learning
material sufficient.
While for strategies to counteract factors affecting
mental health, the composite mean is 3.33, and the level
of Instructional Material Experts’ acceptability is
described as “High,” which means that experts find
most strategies of the supplemental learning material
sufficient.
Finally, in terms of its usefulness, the composite
mean is 3.40, and the level of Instructional Material
Experts’ acceptability is described as “High,” which
means that experts find the supplemental learning
material very useful or beneficial.
Table 6 shows the results.
Table 6. Instructional Material Experts’ Level of
Acceptability on the Developed Booklet in Enhancing
Seafarers’ Mental Health
________________________________________________
Statement Mean Descriptive SD
Rating
________________________________________________
A. Physical Aspects
1. The contents of the booklet 3.33 High 0.58
are well-organized.
2. The layout design is 3.0 High 0.00
coherent and pleasing to
the eyes.
3. The font style and size of 3.33 High 0.58
the booklet are appropriate.
4. All images and text in the 3.0 High 0.00
booklet are visible and clear.
5. The booklet is well edited 2.33 Low 0.58
for spelling, grammar, and
missing words
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.0 High 0.58
Rating, & SD
B. Strategies to Counteract Factors Affecting Mental Health
(MH)
1. The directions are clearly 3.33 High 0.58
written and well explained.
2. The strategies are relevant 3.33 High 0.58
to the factors that affect
mental health
3. The strategies being offered 3.33 High 0.58
are varied.
4. The strategies can be done 3.33 High 0.58
easily.
5. The strategies can be done 3.33 High 0.58
by the seafarers any time
as the need arises.
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.33 High 0.58
Rating, & SD
C. Usefulness
1. The booklet can help 3.67 Very High 0.58
seafarers learn better.
2. The booklet can improve 3.0 High 0.00
seafarers’ mental health.
3. The booklet is relevant to 3.67 Very High 0.58
the setting onboard ship.
4. The booklet can be used 3.33 High 0.58
by a seafarer even without
the help of others.
5. The booklet can motivate 3.33 High 0.58
or catch the interest of the
seafarers.
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.40 High 0.58
Rating, & SD
Grand Mean, Descriptive 3.24 High 0.58
Rating, & SD
________________________________________________
Table 7 shows the acceptability level of the Mental
Health Experts on the developed booklet in enhancing
seafarers’ mental health. The grand mean is 3.40, and
the level of Mental Health Experts’ acceptability is
described as “High,” which means that experts think
that the overall aspects of the supplemental learning
material are very good but still have several revisions.
In terms of physical aspects, the composite mean is
3.5, and the level of Mental Health Experts’
acceptability is described as “High,” which means that
experts find most parts of the supplemental learning
material sufficient.
While for strategies to counteract factors affecting
mental health, the composite mean is 3.3, and the level
of Mental Health Experts’ acceptability is described as
“High,” which means that experts find most strategies
of the supplemental learning material sufficient.
Finally, in terms of its usefulness, the composite
mean is 3.40, and the level of Mental Health Experts’
acceptability is described as “High,” which means that
experts find the supplemental learning material very
useful or beneficial.
Table 7 shows the results.
Table 7. Mental Health Experts’ Level of Acceptability on
the Developed Booklet in Enhancing Seafarers’ Mental
Health
________________________________________________
Statement Mean Descriptive SD
Rating
________________________________________________
A. Physical Aspects
1. The contents of the booklet 3.0 High 1.41
are well-organized.
2. The layout design is 3.5 High 0.71
coherent and pleasing to
the eyes.
3. The font style and size of 3.5 High 0.71
the booklet are appropriate.
4. All images and text in the 4.0 Very High 0.00
booklet are visible and clear.
5. The booklet is well edited 3.5 High 0.71
for spelling, grammar, and
missing words
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.5 High 0.71
Rating, & SD
B. Strategies to Counteract Factors Affecting Mental Health
(MH)
1. The directions are clearly 3.5 High 0.71
written and well explained.
2. The strategies are relevant 3.0 High 1.41
to the factors that affect
mental health
3. The strategies being offered 3.5 High 0.71
are varied.
4. The strategies can be done 3.5 High 0.71
easily.
5. The strategies can be done 3.0 High 1.41
by the seafarers any time
as the need arises.
757
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.3 High 0.99
Rating, & SD
C. Usefulness
1. The booklet can help 3.5 High 0.71
seafarers learn better.
2. The booklet can improve 3.0 High 1.41
seafarers’ mental health.
3. The booklet is relevant to 3.5 High 0.71
the setting onboard ship.
4. The booklet can be used by 3.0 High 1.41
a seafarer even without the
help of others.
5. The booklet can motivate 4.0 Very High 0.00
or catch the interest of
the seafarers.
Composite Mean, Descriptive 3.40 High 0.85
Rating, & SD
Grand Mean, Descriptive 3.40 High 0.85
Rating, & SD
________________________________________________
4 CONCLUSIONS
This study concludes that the booklet can help enhance
seafarers’ mental health as shown by a very high level
of satisfaction of seafarers and a high level of
acceptability from the experts’ point of view.
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