@article{He_2024,
	author = {He, Liang},
	title = {Challenges and Solutions to COLREGs on MASS Ethical Issues in Vessel Manoeuvring Practices},
	journal = {TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation},
	volume = {18},
	number = {3},
	pages = {575-582},
	year = {2024},
	url = {./Article_Challenges_and_Solutions_to_COLREGs_He,71,1431.html},
	abstract = {Though much attention has been paid to the navigational safety of MASS, very few have examined the major challenges that MASS presents to COLREGs from the standpoint of practical vessel manoeuvring. The introduction of MASS may alter the traditional paradigm of vessels depending on seamen for vessel manoeuvring. COLREGs safeguard the orderly statutory nature of vessel navigation. This paper discussed the proper understanding of COLREGs and the ethical MASS issues that can arise from vessel manoeuvring practices in restricted and heavy waters in coastal ports, challenging â€slook-out,” â€sgood seamanship,” and navigational safety in COLREGs. The paper also discusses the feasibility of modifying COLREGs and how to solve these problems without modifying COLREGs. The paper suggests expanding the pilotage distances and applying the legal system of maritime traffic management in an integrated manner so as to ensure the safety of MASS navigation in the restricted waters of coastal ports and in heavy waters from the perspective of pilotage and the legal system. This paper suggests that it would be prudent for the IMO not to apply COLREGs directly to MASS until the navigational safety of MASS has been fully considered.},
	doi = {10.12716/1001.18.03.11},
	issn = {2083-6473},
	publisher = {Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation},
	keywords = {Colregs, Restricted Waters, Manoeuvring Practice, Ship Manoeuvering, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), Practical Challenges, Automatic Navigation System, Intelligent Ethics}
}